Reference database design for the automated analysis of microplastic samples based on Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy
Open accessAbstract
The identification of microplastics becomes increasingly challenging with decreasing particle size and increasing sample heterogeneity. The analysis of microplastic samples by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a versatile, bias-free tool to succeed at this task. In this study, we provide an adaptable reference database, which can be applied to single-particle identification as well as methods like chemical imaging based on FTIR microscopy. The large datasets generated by chemical imaging can be further investigated by automated analysis, which does, however, require a carefully designed database. The novel database design is based on the hierarchical cluster analysis of reference spectra in the spectral range from 3600 to 1250 cm−1. The hereby generated database entries were optimized for the automated analysis software with defined reference datasets. The design was further tested for its customizability with additional entries. The final reference database was extensively tested on reference datasets and environmental samples. Data quality by means of correct particle identification and depiction significantly increased compared to that of previous databases, proving the applicability of the concept and highlighting the importance of this work. Our novel database provides a reference point for data comparison with future and previous microplastic studies that are based on different databases.
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“As a further protection mechanism against fraud, a certification process would be implemented that could leverage blockchain technologies to track provenance (Kim and Laskowski, 2018), supported by technologies allowing identification of plastics via their chemical signatures (Primpke et al., 2018; Serranti et al., 20…”
Munno, K., Lusher, A., Minor, E. C., Gray, A. B., Ho, K. T., Hankett, J. M., Lee, C.-F. T., Primpke, S., McNeish, R. E., Wong, C. S., et al. (2023) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138883 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
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Emerging microplastics in the environment: Properties, distributions, and impacts
Hu, K., Yang, Y., Zuo, J., Tian, W., Wang, Y., Duan, X., & Wang, S. (2022) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134118 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
When Good Intentions Go Bad—False Positive Microplastic Detection Caused by Disposable Gloves
Witzig, C. S., Földi, C., Wörle, K., Habermehl, P., Pittroff, M., Müller, Y. K., Lauschke, T., Fiener, P., Dierkes, G., Freier, K. P., et al. (2020) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c03742 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
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“7 collaborative University of the West of Scotland and Scottish Association for Marine Science 187 ‘UWS/SAMS’ library and the Alfred Wegener Institute ‘AWI’ (Primpke et al., 2018) were utilised to 188 enable the comparison with a wider variety of polymers as well as those having undergone 189 environmental weathering.”
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Repeated detection of polystyrene microbeads in the Lower Rhine River
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Exposure of U.S. adults to microplastics from commonly-consumed proteins
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Tracing microplastics from raw water to drinking water treatment plants in Busan, South Korea
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Assessing exposure of the Australian population to microplastics through bottled water consumption
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An Ensemble Machine Learning Method for Microplastics Identification with Ftir Spectrum
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High abundance of microplastics in groundwater in Jiaodong Peninsula, China
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Microplastics at the strandlines of Slovenian beaches
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Methods of Analyzing Microsized Plastics in the Environment
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High levels of microplastics in commercial salt and industrial salterns in Sri Lanka
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Advanced analytical techniques for microplastics in the environment: a review
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“Since there are not enough library data, errors may still happen even when the FPA detector runs for a long time (Primpke et al. 2018).”
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“The spectra were compared to spectra of known standards using a library of environmental relevant synthetic and natural polymers [32], and commercial libraries for polymers (Bio-Rad Sadtler) in the KnowitAll Informatics System software (BioRad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA).”
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Library based identification and characterisation of polymers with nano-FTIR and IR-sSNOM imaging
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Primpke, S., Wirth, M., Lorenz, C., & Gerdts, G.
- Affiliations
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Primpke, Sebastian
- Venue
- Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
- Published
- 2018-07-06
- Volume
- 410
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 5131-5141
- ISSN
- 1618-2642 (ISSN-L)
- 1618-2650
- PMC
- PMC6113679
- OpenAlex
- W2856517393
- Cited by
- 584
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 89 · 2025: 75 · 2024: 90 · 2023: 92 · 2022: 82 · 2021: 75 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 4
- FWCI
- 14.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung (Alfred-Wegener-Institut) (submittedVersion)
- VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (03F0734A)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology › Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis
- Keywords
- microplastics, FTIR spectroscopy, FTIR microscopy, chemical imaging, hierarchical clustering, reference spectra, automated analysis, environmental samples, microplastic detection
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