Opposite impact on 14C-2-deoxyglucose brain metabolism following patterns of high and low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the posterior parietal cortex
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) appears capable of modulating human cortical excitability beyond the duration of the stimulation train. However, the basis and extent of this "off-line" modulation remains unknown. In a group of anesthetized cats, we applied patterns of real or sham focal rTMS to the visuo-parietal cortex (VP) at high (HF) or low (LF) frequency and recorded brain glucose uptake during (on-line), immediately after (off-line), or 1 h after (late) stimulation. During the on-line period LF and HF rTMS induced a significant relative reduction of (14)C-2DG uptake in the stimulated VP cortex and tightly linked cortical and subcortical structures (e.g. the superficial superior colliculus, the pulvinar, and the LPl nucleus) with respect to homologue areas in the unstimulated hemisphere. During the off-line period HF rTMS induced a significant relative increase in (14)C-2DG uptake in the targeted VP cortex, whereas LF rTMS generated the opposite effect, with only mild network impact. Moderate distributed effects were only recorded after LF rTMS in the posterior thalamic structures. No long lasting cortical or subcortical effects were detected during the late period. Our findings demonstrate opposite modulation of rTMS on local and distant effects along a specific network, depending on the pattern of stimulation. Such effects are demonstrated in the anesthetized animal, ruling out behavioral and non-specific reasons for the differential impact of the stimulation. The findings are consistent with previous differential electrophysiological and behavioral effects of low and high frequency rTMS patterns and provide support to uses of rTMS in neuromodulation.
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Evidence from animal models suggests that the neuromodulatory effects of TMS are maximal on the directly targeted region.
“Evidence from animal models (26, 27) suggests that the neuromodulatory effects of TMS are maximal on the directly targeted region (11).”
From Disruption of the right temporoparietal junction with transcranial magnetic stimulation reduces the role of beliefs in moral judgments (2010) · cites this paper as [11]
Modeling and experimental work suggest that the spatial resolution of direct TMS stimulation is 5-10 mm.
“Modeling and experimental work suggest that the spatial resolution of direct TMS stimulation is 5–10 mm (11, 41).”
From Disruption of the right temporoparietal junction with transcranial magnetic stimulation reduces the role of beliefs in moral judgments (2010) · cites this paper as [11]
Studies in animal models have revealed that 30 min of low-frequency TMS leads to suppression of activity in the target brain region for ≈15 min, with a complete return to baseline after 30 min.
“studies in animal models have revealed that 30 min of low-frequency TMS leads to suppression of activity in the target brain region for ≈15 min, with a complete return to baseline after 30 min (11, 12).”
From Disruption of the right temporoparietal junction with transcranial magnetic stimulation reduces the role of beliefs in moral judgments (2010) · cites this paper as [11]
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- Authors
- Valero-Cabré, A., Payne, B. R., & Pascual-Leone, A.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Venue
- Experimental Brain Research
- Published
- 2006-09-14
- Volume
- 176
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 603-615
- ISSN
- 0014-4819 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-1106
- OpenAlex
- W2136114944
- Cited by
- 137
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 4.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Experimental Brain Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- School of Medicine, Boston University
- Türk Havacılık ve Uzay Sanayii
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS047754, NS47754, NS32137, R01NS033975, R01NS032137, NS33975)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Ultrasound and Hyperthermia Applications
- Keywords
- repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, high-frequency rTMS, low-frequency rTMS, posterior parietal cortex, brain glucose metabolism, cortical excitability, superior colliculus, pulvinar, lateral posterior nucleus, thalamus, anesthetized cats, neuromodulation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Attention, Brain, Brain Mapping, Carbon Radioisotopes, Cats, Deoxyglucose, Energy Metabolism, Female, Glucose, Functional Laterality, Nerve Net, Parietal Lobe, Reaction Time, Space Perception, Thalamus, Visual Cortex, Down-Regulation, Up-Regulation, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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