Cited by 318Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation StudiesNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchDeep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders

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Simply longer is not better: reversal of theta burst after-effect with prolonged stimulation

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Gamboa, Olga Lucía, Antal, Andrea, Moliadze, Vera, Paulus, Walter·2010·Experimental Brain Research

DOI 10.1007/s00221-010-2293-4PMC PMC2892066

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Abstract

From all rTMS protocols at present, the theta burst stimulation (TBS) is considered the most efficient in terms of number of impulses and intensity required during a given stimulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of inhibitory and excitatory TBS protocols on motor cortex excitability when the duration of stimulation was doubled. Fourteen healthy volunteers were tested under four conditions: intermittent theta bust stimulation (iTBS), continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS), prolonged intermittent theta bust stimulation (ProiTBS) and prolonged continuous theta burst stimulation (ProcTBS). The prolonged paradigms were twice as long as the conventional TBS protocols. Conventional facilitatory iTBS converted into inhibitory when it was applied for twice as long, while the normally inhibitory cTBS became facilitatory when the stimulation duration was doubled. Our results show that TBS-induced plasticity cannot be deliberately enhanced simply by prolonging TBS protocols. Instead, when stimulating too long, after-effects will be reversed. This finding supplements findings at the short end of the stimulation duration range, where it was shown that conventional cTBS is excitatory in the first half and switches to inhibition only after the full length protocol. It is relevant for clinical applications for which an ongoing need for further protocol improvement is imminent.

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Authors: Gamboa, O. L., Antal, A., Moliadze, V., & Paulus, W.
Affiliations: University of Göttingen (DE)
Corresponding author: Gamboa, Olga Lucía
ORCID: Gamboa, Olga Lucía
Antal, Andrea
Moliadze, Vera
Paulus, Walter
Venue: Experimental Brain Research
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2010-06-22
Volume: 204
Issue: 2
Pages: 181-187
ISSN: 0014-4819 (ISSN-L)
1432-1106
DOI: 10.1007/s00221-010-2293-4
PMC: PMC2892066
OpenAlex: W2073595961
Cited by: 318
References: 30
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 8.73
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc
Locations: Experimental Brain Research (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
GoeScholar The Publication Server of the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
GRO (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: Rose Foundation for Communities and the Environment (T298/14376/2004, T298/14375/2004)
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (01GQ0782, 01GQ0810)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders
Keywords: theta burst stimulation, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, stimulation duration, motor cortex excitability, long-term potentiation, long-term depression, intermittent theta burst stimulation, continuous theta burst stimulation
MeSH terms: Adult, Electric Stimulation, Electromyography, Female, Humans, Male, Motor Cortex, Neuronal Plasticity, Reaction Time, Theta Rhythm, Long-Term Potentiation, Evoked Potentials, Motor, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

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Simply longer is not better: reversal of theta burst after-effect with prolonged stimulation

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