Human orientation and movement control in weightless and artificial gravity environments
Abstract
Our goal is to summarize what has been learned from studies of human movement and orientation control in weightless conditions. An understanding of the physics of weightlessness is essential to appreciate the dramatic consequences of the absence of continuous contact forces on orientation and posture. Eye, head, arm, leg, and whole body movements are discussed, but only experiments whose results seem relatively incontrovertible are included. Emphasis is placed on distinguishing between virtually immediate adaptive compensations to weightlessness and those with longer time courses. The limitations and difficulties of performing experiments in weightless conditions are highlighted. We stress that when astronauts and cosmonauts return from extended space flight they do so with both physical "plant" and neural "controller" structurally and functionally altered. Recent developments in adapting humans to artificial gravity conditions are discussed as a way of maintaining sensory-motor and structural integrity in extended missions involving transitions between different force environments.
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With incremental exposure, people can develop context specific adaptations so that they can move between a rotating artificial gravity environment and a stationary environment without either sensory motor control or motion sickness problems.
“With incremental exposure, people also can develop context specific adaptations so that, for example, they can move between a rotating artificial gravity environment and a stationary environment without either sensory motor control or motion sickness problems (Graybiel and Knepton 1978a, b; Lackner and DiZio 2000a, b, 2006).”
From Motion sickness: more than nausea and vomiting (2014) · cites this paper as Lackner and DiZio 2000a
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Postural orientation in microgravity depends on straightening up movement performed
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Formaldehyde initiates memory and motor impairments under weightlessness condition
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Hypergravity is more challenging than microgravity for the human sensorimotor system
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Postural Balance and Peripheral Neuropathy
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- Authors
- Lackner, J. R., & DiZio, P.
- Affiliations
- Brandeis University (US)
- Venue
- Experimental Brain Research
- Published
- 2000-01-03
- Volume
- 130
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 2-26
- ISSN
- 0014-4819 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-1106
- OpenAlex
- W2144230811
- Cited by
- 181
- References
- 152
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 5.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Experimental Brain Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Spaceflight effects on biology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Space Exploration and Technology
- Keywords
- microgravity, artificial gravity, postural control, human movement, sensorimotor adaptation, neural adaptation, vestibular system, spaceflight
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Motor Activity, Movement, Orientation, Weightlessness, Weightlessness Simulation
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