Fatigue Microdamage as an Essential Element of Bone Mechanics and Biology

Martin, R. Bruce

doi:10.1007/s00223-002-1059-9

Cited by 148Bone Metabolism and DiseasesBone health and osteoporosis researchOrthopaedic implants and arthroplasty

Fatigue Microdamage as an Essential Element of Bone Mechanics and Biology

Martin, R. Bruce·2003·Calcified Tissue International

DOI 10.1007/s00223-002-1059-9

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Abstract

The fossil record shows that bone remodeling has existed since the earliest large vertebrates became weight-bearing on land, but the functions of remodeling have long been debated. The principal protagonists in this debate have been those favoring a mechanical function and those asserting that remodeling serves to move calcium in and out of the skeleton. In recent years the arguments of the former school have included not only the adaptation of internal structure to specific kinds of stresses, but the need to remove fatigue damage. It has become clear that (1) physiologic strains continually produce fatigue damage in bone; (2) this damage weakens bone and is associated with both osteocyte apoptosis and the activation of remodeling; and (3) remodeling is the only means by which this damage can be removed. The significance of these observations is increased by the fact that fatigue failure is more likely in larger structures. This "volume effect," along with the advantages of enhanced mobility and metabolic efficiency, may have selected for bone remodeling as a means of controlling fatigue damage as it occurs, allowing larger vertebrates to maintain a relatively light skeleton over an extended lifetime. In this view, bone remodeling is not primarily a mechanism for calcium transport, but is intimately related to other inflammatory repair responses.

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Authors: Martin, R. B.
Affiliations: University of California Davis Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author: Martin, R. Bruce
Venue: Calcified Tissue International
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2003-08-01
Volume: 73
Issue: 2
Pages: 101-107
ISSN: 0171-967X (ISSN-L)
1432-0827
DOI: 10.1007/s00223-002-1059-9
OpenAlex: W2084566277
Cited by: 148
References: 55
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 2.76
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Calcified Tissue International (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (AR 41644)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bone Metabolism and Diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Orthopaedic implants and arthroplasty
Keywords: bone remodeling, fatigue damage, bone mechanics, osteocyte apoptosis, volume effect, calcium transport, bone regeneration, fossil vertebrates
MeSH terms: Animals, Biomechanical Phenomena, Bone and Bones, Calcium, Biological Evolution, Humans, Fractures, Stress, Bone Remodeling

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Fatigue Microdamage as an Essential Element of Bone Mechanics and Biology

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