Mechanism of osteoclast mediated bone resorption—rationale for the design of new therapeutics
Abstract
Bone resorption is an important cellular function in the development and physiology of the skeleton. Pathophysiology of several skeletal diseases includes either increased (for instance osteoporosis, metastatic bone disease and Paget's disease of bone) or decreased (various syndromes of osteopetrosis) bone resorption rate. Thus there is a genuine need to regulate, especially inhibit, bone resorption rate in several diseases. Bone resorption can be inhibited by several strategies. One can prevent osteoclast formation, inhibit their action or induce premature cell death. All these strategies have been used in pharmacology to inhibit bone resorption and there are also physiological regulators for each of these three different phases of in osteoclast life. Many present resorption inhibitors inhibit osteoclast formation via osteoblastic cells since they are producing a number of factors that are essential for osteoclast differentiation. Best characterized of these factors are macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NFêB ligand (RANKL). For instance sex steroids, parathyroid hormone and some interleukins are known to exert their positive or negative effects on osteoclast differentiation via the RANK/RANKL/osteoprotegrin pathway. It is not yet clear enough how specific intervention to osteoclast formation is since also other cell lineages derived from hematopoetic precursors use similar signalling pathways. An effective inhibition of bone resorption can also be achieved by inhibiting osteoclast activity to resorb bone. Examples of this category of physiological and pharmacological inhibitors are calcitonin and aminobisphosphonates, respectively. Finally one can reduce bone resorption by shortening osteoclast lifespan with substances that induce apoptosis in osteoclasts. A good example of these substances is a first generation bisphosphonate, clodronate. Several new potential molecular targets have been revealed during recent years since many individual molecules in osteoclast differentiation, function and apoptosis have been identified and their physiological functions revealed. Thus we are expecting several new bone inhibitors to be developed in following years both for experimental studies and finally also for clinical use.
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Estrogen stimulates osteoblasts and osteocytes to produce osteoprotegerin (OPG), which inhibits osteoclastogenesis.
“Moreover, estrogen stimulates these bone cells to produce osteoprotegerin (OPG), a decoy receptor of RANK in osteoclast, thus inhibiting osteoclastogenesis [19, 155–159].”
From Biology of Bone Tissue: Structure, Function, and Factors That Influence Bone Cells (2015) · cites this paper as [158]
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- Authors
- VAANANEN, K.
- Venue
- Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-05-25
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 959-971
- ISSN
- 0169-409X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2052354535
- Cited by
- 176
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 4.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bone Metabolism and Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Bone health and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Keywords
- osteoclasts, bone resorption, osteoclastogenesis, RANKL, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, osteoblasts, bisphosphonates, calcitonin, clodronate, osteoclast apoptosis, osteoporosis, Paget's disease of bone, osteopetrosis, antiresorptive agents, therapeutic target
- MeSH terms
- Bone Matrix, Bone Resorption, Calcitonin, Carrier Proteins, Cell Differentiation, Diphosphonates, Humans, Membrane Glycoproteins, Osteoclasts, Drug Design, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, Apoptosis, Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators, RANK Ligand, Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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