Characterization and expression of the recombination activating genes (rag1 and rag2) of zebrafish
Abstract
The closely linked recombination activating genes, rag1 and rag2, encode components of the recombinase involved in V(D)J recombination of the immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes. These genes are expressed together exclusively in immature lymphocytes and are useful markers for following the development of lymphoid tissues. We cloned the rag locus of the zebrafish Danio rerio and sequenced the open reading frames of the rag1 and rag2 genes. Although the gene organization is similar to that in other species, the rag1 gene is unusual in possessing two introns within the coding region. In another teleost, the rainbow trout, the rag1 gene is interrupted by a single intron. Introns are not present in the rag1 gene of any other species examined to date. Expression of both rag1 and rag2 begins late in embryonic development, on day 4, by northern RNA blot analysis. Expression of rag1 was detected in the adult zebrafish thymus, pronephros, mesonephros, and ovary. This pattern of expression is consistent with previous histological studies of adult teleosts, which implicate the kidney as the major site of hematopoiesis and the thymus as the major lymphocyte-containing organ.
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In teleosts, the RAG1 gene is divided into exons by either one or two introns.
“This is consistent with the observation that in teleosts, (bony fish) the RAG1 gene is divided into exons by either one or two introns.”
From RAG1 Core and V(D)J Recombination Signal Sequences Were Derived from Transib Transposons (2005) · cites this paper as [34]
The RAG1 core is split into separate exons at the amino acid position corresponding to position 460 in the human RAG1 gene.
“As a result, the RAG1 core is split into separate exons at the aa position that corresponds to position 460 in the human RAG1gene [29,34,38].”
From RAG1 Core and V(D)J Recombination Signal Sequences Were Derived from Transib Transposons (2005) · cites this paper as [34]
The acceptor splice site positions in the sea urchin RAG1 core-like proteins closely correspond to those in RAG1 from teleosts, in which RAG1 is split by an intron at position homologous to Gly460 in human RAG1.
“Remarkably, the acceptor splice site positions in the sea urchin RAG1 core–like proteins closely correspond to those in RAG1 from teleosts (i.e., most of the living ray-finned or bony fish), in which RAG1 is split by an intron at position homologous to Gly460 in human RAG1 [34].”
From RAG1 Core and V(D)J Recombination Signal Sequences Were Derived from Transib Transposons (2005) · cites this paper as [34]
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Bef medaka mutant reveals the essential role of c-myb in both primitive and definitive hematopoiesis
Moriyama, A., Inohaya, K., Maruyama, K., & Kudō, A. (2010) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.06.031 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
ETV6 (TEL1) regulates embryonic hematopoiesis in zebrafish
Rasighaemi, P., Onnebo, S. M. N., Liongue, C., & Ward, A. C. (2014) · Haematologica · doi:10.3324/haematol.2014.104091 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Mao, M., Wen, S.-H., Perálvarez‐Marín, A., Li, H., Jiang, J.-L., Jiang, Z.-Q., Li, X., Sun, H., & Lü, H.-Q. (2015) · Archives of Virology · doi:10.1007/s00705-015-2484-1 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Lieschke, G. J. (2001) · International Journal of Hematology · doi:10.1007/bf02981899 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Ohtani, M., Miyadai, T., & Hiroishi, S. (2006) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D Genomics and Proteomics · doi:10.1016/j.cbd.2005.10.003 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Covello, J. M., Bird, S., Morrison, R. N., Bridle, A. R., Battaglene, S., Secombes, C. J., & Nowak, B. F. (2013) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2012.12.015 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
- Authors
- Willett, C. E., Cherry, J. J., & Steiner, L. A.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Venue
- Immunogenetics
- Published
- 1997-04-09
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 394-404
- ISSN
- 0093-7711 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-1211
- OpenAlex
- W2002832834
- Cited by
- 187
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 3.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Immunogenetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI 09072, T32AI007463, 2R01AI08054, 5T32-AI-07463, R01AI008054)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Zebrafish Biomedical Research Applications
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- recombination-activating genes, RAG1, RAG2, zebrafish, V(D)J recombination, immunoglobulin genes, T cell receptor genes, gene expression, lymphoid development, thymus, pronephros, mesonephros, ovary, hematopoiesis, teleosts
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Base Sequence, DNA-Binding Proteins, Gene Expression Regulation, Molecular Sequence Data, Proteins, Recombination, Genetic, Zebrafish, Sequence Alignment, Homeodomain Proteins
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