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AIC model selection and multimodel inference in behavioral ecology: some background, observations, and comparisons

Burnham, Kenneth P., Anderson, David R., Huyvaert, Kathryn P.·2011·Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology

DOI 10.1007/s00265-010-1029-6

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Background
Interactive effects of experimental heating rates, ontogeny and body mass on the upper thermal limits of anuran larvae
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Ecological and morphological correlates of visual acuity in birds
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“We calculated ΔAICci (ΔAICci=AICci-min AICc) as a measure of each model relative to the best model, whereas models with a ΔAICci≤7 were considered to have ecological importance to the dataset (see Burnham et al. 2011).”
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“…of the information-theoretic approach have advocated for multimodel inference (e.g., 344 Anderson et al. 2000; Burnham & Anderson 2004; Burnham et al. 2011), in which inferences are 345 made using the entire candidate set of models, each weighted using Akaike weights derived from 346…”
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“See Burnham et al., 2011.”
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“(AIC) as our basis for selecting among competing models (Burnham et al. 2011).”
Data-Driven Methods to Monitor, Model, Forecast and Control Covid-19 Pandemic: Leveraging Data Science, Epidemiology and Control TheoryPreprint
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“observations and ii) The complexity of the model. Under similar adjustment to observations, simpler models are preferred since they are more robust and sound from an information theory point of view [98]. There are often dierent sets of parameters yielding a similar t to data, but providing signicantly dierent estimat…”
Background
Stand structural diversity and elevation rather than functional diversity drive aboveground biomass in historically disturbed semiarid oak forests
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“%) was determined using a screening method (Suguio, 1973), modified by Callisto and Esteves (1996).”
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“Nocturnal mammals”
BackgroundMethod
Quantitative analysis of the thermal requirements for stepwise physical dormancy-break in seeds of the winter annual Geranium carolinianum (Geraniaceae)
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“The rates of sensitivity induction were plotted against storage temperature and a linear regression model was fitted to estimate the x-intercept for each percentile.”
Method
How feedback improves children’s numerical estimation
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Large herbivore populations outside protected areas in the human-dominated Western Ghats, India
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“The AIC and the BIC statistics are respectively given by [62]:”
Method
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“Further, we tested how our each of our backward stepwise models ranked compared to 1) univariate models, and 2) models without distance to snow so we also employed small size correction for Akaike Information Criterion (AICc) for model ranking [45].”
Method
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“Because there was not enough support for a single best model, we reported a confidence set of models (wi> 0.90; Burnham et al. 2011).”
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“To avoid over parameterization of our model and, hence, model uncertainty [29], we used an information theoretic (IT) model selection procedure to select the most parsimonious model similar to the approach taken by Meyer et al.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
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“2011), the relative importance of predictor variables were assessed and ranked by summing AICc model weights across all models 1 3 that included that variable (Burnham and Anderson 2002).”
Method
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Lagos, P. A., & Herberstein, M. E. (2017) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.02.002 · Cited by 26
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“9 and some models had deviance in the AIC lower than 7 units [5, 13], we conducted model averaging using the MuMIn package [2].”
Method
The influence of meal size on prey DNA detectability in piscivorous birds
Thalinger, B., Oehm, J., Obwexer, A., & Traugott, M. (2017) · Molecular Ecology Resources · doi:10.1111/1755-0998.12706 · Cited by 27
“Additionally, the Nagelkerkes / Cragg & Uhlers pseudo-R2 (Nagelkerke 1991) was calculated for each of the candidate models as a measure of model performance compared to an intercept-only null-model (Burnham et al. 2011).”
Method
Climate of seed source affects susceptibility of coastal Douglas‐fir to foliage diseases
Wilhelmi, N. P., Shaw, D. C., Harrington, C. A., Clair, J. B. S., & Ganio, L. M. (2017) · Ecosphere · doi:10.1002/ecs2.2011 · Cited by 28
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COBBS, G. A., & Alexander, J. E. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0208836 · Cited by 27
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Carruthers, L. V., Arinaitwe, M., Adriko, M., Faust, C. L., Tukahebwa, E. M., Hall, L. J., Ranford-Cartwright, L. C., & Lamberton, P. H. L. (2019) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.8133 · Cited by 27
“Backward elimination was used for sequential 229 removal of non-significant variables, to obtain the minimal statistically significant model 230 (Burnham et al. 2011) (Code S2).”
Method
Marking behaviour and census of Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) in riverine habitats: what can scat abundances and non-invasive genetic sampling tell us about otter numbers?
Sittenthaler, M., Schöll, E. M., Leeb, C., Haring, E., Parz-Gollner, R., & Hackländer, K. (2020) · Mammal Research · doi:10.1007/s13364-020-00486-y · Cited by 27
Goth Music and Depressive Symptoms among Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study
ter Bogt, T., Hale, W. W., Canale, N., Pastore, M., & Vieno, A. (2020) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-020-01294-y · Cited by 26
The relative effects of access to public greenspace and private gardens on mental health
Collins, R., Smith, D. M., Ogutu, B., Brown, K. A., Eigenbrod, F., & Spake, R. (2023) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2023.104902 · Cited by 29
Energy availability and leaf area dominate control of ecosystem evapotranspiration in the southeastern U.S.
Aguilos, M. M., Sun, G., Liu, N., Zhang, Y., Starr, G., Oishi, A. C., O’Halloran, T. L., Forsythe, J., Wang, J., Zhu, M., et al. (2024) · Agricultural and Forest Meteorology · doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.109960 · Cited by 26
“The second-order Akaike information criterion (AIC) was used to avoid model over-parameterization (Burnham et al., 2011) and to slightly adjust the first-order bias-corrected AIC to reduce the bias (Burnham et al., 2011; Yanagihara et al., 2023).”
Method
Thermal tolerance and survival are modulated by a natural gradient of infection in differentially acclimated hosts
Bonville, J. D., Côté, A., & Binning, S. A. (2024) · Conservation Physiology · doi:10.1093/conphys/coae015 · Cited by 30
“We used Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC) to compare candidate models for each trait and select the most parsi-monious model (Burnham et al., 2011; Thambithurai et al., 2022; Stewart et al., 2023).”
Method
The importance of including both sexes in preclinical sleep studies and analyses
Mannino, G. S., Green, T. R. F., Murphy, S. M., Donohue, K. D., Opp, M. R., & Rowe, R. K. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-70996-1 · Cited by 27
Quantitative analysis of animal-welfare outcomes in helicopter shooting: a case study with feral dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius)
Hampton, J. O., Cowled, B., Perry, A. L., Miller, C. J., Jones, B., & Hart, Q. (2014) · Wildlife Research · doi:10.1071/wr13216 · Cited by 26
“All models (bivariable and multivariable) were then assessed using information-theoretic approaches, to determine which models (hypotheses) were best supported by the data (Burnham and Anderson 2002; Burnham et al. 2011).”
Method
Influence of local habitat features on disease avoidance by Caribbean spiny lobsters in a casita-enhanced bay
Briones‐Fourzán, P., Candia-Zulbarán, R., Negrete‐Soto, F., Barradas‐Ortiz, C., Huchín-Mian, J. P., & Lozano‐Álvarez, E. (2012) · Diseases of Aquatic Organisms · doi:10.3354/dao02465 · Cited by 26
Solid-liquid equilibrium of l-alanyl-l-glutamine form II in methanol + water and isopropanol + water systems
Xu, J., Wang, Y., Yuan, F., Huang, Q., & Hao, H. (2016) · Journal of Molecular Liquids · doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2016.03.088 · Cited by 26
Predicting occurrence of juvenile shark habitat to improve conservation planning
Oh, B. Z. L., Sequeira, A. M. M., Meekan, M. G., Ruppert, J. L. W., & Meeuwig, J. J. (2016) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1111/cobi.12868 · Cited by 26
“We averaged each model’s contribution based on these wAICc results (Burnham et al. 2011) to predict shark occurrence relative to the 4 response variables.”
Method
Functional antagonism between nitrogen-fixing leguminous trees and calcicole-drought-tolerant trees in the Cerrado
Meira‐Neto, J. A. A., Tolentino, G. S., da Silva, M. C. N. A., Neri, A. V., Gastauer, M., Magnago, L. F. S., Yuste, J. C., & Valladares, F. (2017) · Acta Botanica Brasilica · doi:10.1590/0102-33062016abb0380 · Cited by 26
“The best model was indicated by the lowest AICc value (Burnham et al. 2010).”
Method
Acute drivers influence recent inshore Great Barrier Reef dynamics
Lam, V., Chaloupka, M. Y., Thompson, A., Doropoulos, C., & Mumby, P. J. (2018) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.2063 · Cited by 26
Migratory goose arrival time plays a larger role in influencing forage quality than advancing springs in an Arctic coastal wetland
Beard, K. H., Choi, R. T., Leffler, A. J., Carlson, L. G., Kelsey, K. C., Schmutz, J. A., & Welker, J. M. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0213037 · Cited by 26
“We determined top models using ΔAIC and considered models to be similar if ΔAIC< 2 [84].”
The adult vaccination landscape in the United States during the Affordable Care Act era: Results from a large retrospective database analysis
Aris, E., Montourcy, M., Esterberg, E. J., Kurosky, S. K., Poston, S. A., & Hogea, C. S. (2020) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.02.057 · Cited by 26
Spatial interpolation of urban air temperatures using satellite-derived predictors
Nikoloudakis, N., Stagakis, S., Mitraka, Z., Kamarianakis, Y., & Chrysoulakis, N. (2020) · Theoretical and Applied Climatology · doi:10.1007/s00704-020-03230-3 · Cited by 26
“The model averaging procedure was implemented using R package MuMIn; selected models correspond to ΔAICc < 5 (Burnham et al. 2011).”
Method
Shifts in plant community composition weaken the negative effect of nitrogen addition on community-level arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization
Lu, Y., Liu, X., Chen, F., & Zhou, S. (2020) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2020.0483 · Cited by 26
“abovementioned, we calculated the information-theoretic Akaike’s information criterion for a small sample size (AICc) to evaluate the relative support for each model [59], and the per cent deviance explained in the response variable (De) as the goodness-of-fit of the model.”
Method
Relationships between the distribution of wildlife and livestock diversity
Velado‐Alonso, E., Morales‐Castilla, I., Rebollo, S., & Gómez‐Sal, A. (2020) · Diversity and Distributions · doi:10.1111/ddi.13133 · Cited by 28
Pedal to the metal: Cities power evolutionary divergence by accelerating metabolic rate and locomotor performance
Chick, L. D., Waters, J. S., & Diamond, S. E. (2020) · Evolutionary Applications · doi:10.1111/eva.13083 · Cited by 23
Investigating elevational gradients of species richness in a Mediterranean plant hotspot using a published flora
Musciano, M. D., Zannini, P., Ferrara, C., Spina, L., Nascimbene, J., Vetaas, O. R., Bhatta, K. P., d’Agostino, M., Peruzzi, L., Carta, A., et al. (2021) · Frontiers of Biogeography · doi:10.21425/f5fbg50007 · Cited by 28
“In particular, we assumed that models in which the difference in AIC is < 2 can be considered as equally supported (Burnham 1998, Burnham et al. 2011).”
Method
Negative effect of ectoparasite burdens on the condition factor from farmed tilapia Oreochromis niloticus in the Yucatan, Mexico
Paredes-Trujillo, A. I., Velázquez‐Abunader, I., Papiol, V., del Rio-Rodriguez, R. E., & Vidal-Martinez, V. M. (2021) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109393 · Cited by 26
Species–area relationship and small‐island effect of vascular plant diversity in a young volcanic archipelago
Chiarucci, A., Guarino, R., Pasta, S., ROSA, A. L., Cascio, P. L., Mèdail, F., Pavón, D., Fernández‐Palacios, J. M., & Zannini, P. (2021) · Journal of Biogeography · doi:10.1111/jbi.14253 · Cited by 28
Characterizing tuberculosis transmission dynamics in high-burden urban and rural settings
Smith, J. P., Oeltmann, J. E., Hill, A. N., Tobias, J. L., Boyd, R., Click, E. S., Finlay, A. M., Mondongo, C., Zetola, N. M., & Moonan, P. K. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-10488-2 · Cited by 31
Both prey and predator features predict the individual predation risk and survival of schooling prey
Jolles, J. W., Sosna, M. M. G., Mazué, G. P. F., Twomey, C. R., Bak-Coleman, J. B., Rubenstein, D. I., & Couzin, I. D. (2022) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.76344 · Cited by 26
Running Endurance in Women Compared to Men: Retrospective Analysis of Matched Real-World Big Data
Mat, F. L., Géry, M., Besson, T., Ferdynus, C., Bouscaren, N., & Millet, G. Y. (2023) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-023-01813-4 · Cited by 30
“The best-fitting distribution was identified using Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC) [17].”
MethodInfluential
Ant community structure during forest succession in a subtropical forest in South-East China
Staab, M., Schuldt, A., Aßmann, T., Bruelheide, H., & Klein, A. (2014) · Acta Oecologica · doi:10.1016/j.actao.2014.10.003 · Cited by 29
Habitat requirements and dispersal ability of the Spanish Fritillary (Euphydryas desfontainii) in southern Portugal: evidence-based conservation suggestions for an endangered taxon
Pennekamp, F., Pereira, P. G., & Schmitt, T. (2014) · Journal of Insect Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10841-014-9655-3 · Cited by 26
“The difference (DAICc) to the second best model was 27.4 rendering the best model the only one with substantial empirical support (Burnham et al. 2011).”
Influential
Multiple signals in the palmate newt: ornaments help when courting
Cornuau, J. H., Rat, M., Schmeller, D. S., & Loyau, A. (2012) · Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1007/s00265-012-1355-y · Cited by 26
“We analyzed data and made biological inferences using the information theoretic approach that identifies the best set of models according to several competing hypotheses via information criteria (Burnham and Anderson 2002; Garamszegi et al. 2009; Burnham et al. 2011; Grueber et al. 2011).”
Method
Exaggerated sexual swellings and male mate choice in primates: testing the reliable indicator hypothesis in the Amboseli baboons
Fitzpatrick, C. L., Altmann, J., & Alberts, S. (2015) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.03.019 · Cited by 29
“We used an adjusted measure of AIC, AICC, which is recommended for smaller sample sizes (Burnham et al., 2011; Symonds & Moussalli, 2011) and then calculated the Akaike weight value (wi) as a measure of goodness of fit to evaluate each of the model sets.”
Method

Authors: Burnham, K. P., Anderson, D. R., & Huyvaert, K. P.
Affiliations: Colorado State University (US)
Corresponding author: Burnham, Kenneth P.
ORCID: Huyvaert, Kathryn P.
Venue: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2010-08-18
Volume: 65
Issue: 1
Pages: 23-35
ISSN: 0340-5443 (ISSN-L)
1432-0762
DOI: 10.1007/s00265-010-1029-6
OpenAlex: W2096650374
Semantic Scholar: 33e08c84858e01d75d94592e03272dd4073316ff
Cited by: 4,104
References: 95
Citations by year: 2026: 228 · 2025: 300 · 2024: 327 · 2023: 365 · 2022: 358 · 2021: 434 · 2020: 404 · 2019: 335 · 2018: 340 · 2017: 251 · 2016: 239 · 2015: 192 · 2014: 154 · 2013: 98 · 2012: 53
FWCI: 44.95
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology (publishedVersion)
Funders: Colorado State University
Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China
Topics: Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Inference
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Applications
Keywords: AIC model selection, multi-model inference, alternative hypothesis, hypothesis testing, behavioral ecology, statistical inference, probability models

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AIC model selection and multimodel inference in behavioral ecology: some background, observations, and comparisons

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