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AIC model selection and multimodel inference in behavioral ecology: some background, observations, and comparisons

Burnham, Kenneth P., Anderson, David R., Huyvaert, Kathryn P.·2011·Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology

DOI 10.1007/s00265-010-1029-6

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“The best model was then selected according to Akaike ’ s information criterion (Burnham & Anderson, 2004; AIC; Burnham, Anderson, & Huyvaert, 2011).”
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“…vast literature on applications and comparative studies of the two criteria (e.g. see Aho, Derryberry, & Peterson, 2014; Burnham & Anderson, 2004; Burnham, Anderson, & Huyvaert, 2011; Chaurasia & Harel, 2013; Claeskens & Hjort, 2008; Johnson & Omland, 2004; Kuha, 2004; Medel & Salgado, 2013;…”
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“In our case, a ΔAIC of 4 included the majority of the expected model variability while also reducing the model set to a reasonable number for multimodel inference, given our sample sizes (Burnham et al. 2011).”
BackgroundMethod
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“where AICmin denotes the AIC value of the best model [20].”
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“20 have no empirical support [39,40].”
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“For each set of models created for a given response variable, we selected the best model(s) for interpretation of its parameters if ΔAICc was less than 2.0 (61, 62).”
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Method
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“08 for Kline 2011, Schumacker and Lomax, 2010, and Steiger, 1990), and Akaike’s information criterion (Model AIC; applicable when maximum likelihood estimation is used, Burnham and Anderson, 1998; there is no rule of thumb; the values depend on actual datasets and the model—the model with the lowest AIC value is chose…”
Method
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Method
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Method
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Method
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“In this sense, Burnham, Anderson & Huyvaert stated that there are no better criteria to be applied due to predictive analytics’ underlying uncertainties [62].”
Background
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“Akaike weights (w i ), representing the relative probability for model i to be the best among all considered models, were calculated for the subset of models having Δ i (AICcbest - AICci) 7 (Burnham et al., 2011).”
Method
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“Parameter estimates were obtained from averaging all models that fit the data using the modern principals of multimodel inference [44,48].”
Method
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“To compare alternative models and determine the most parsimonious model, we used Akaike’s information criterion (AIC; Burnham et al., 2011), arriving at a final model including the variables MAP, MAT, DSL, and soil N : P ratio (n = 86; Fig.”
Method
Are torpid bats immune to anthropogenic noise?
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Public information revealed by pellets in nest sites is more important than ecto-parasite avoidance in the settlement decisions of Eurasian kestrels
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“…Raykov & Marcoulides, 2001; Tomarken & Waller, 2003), the exploratory nature of our path modelling approach, and the reliance on ‘rules of thumb’ (Burnham et al., 2011; Burnham & Anderson, 2004; Raftery, 1995, 1999) and descriptive comparisons for model evaluation, we refrain from making strong…”
Method
Individual and village-level effects on community support for Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in the Philippines
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“Following Burnham et al [36] the number of candidate models was minimised by only including predictor variables that could be plausibly hypothesised to affect the response variable, based on literature or theory (Table 2).”
Bat Activity Increases with Barometric Pressure and Temperature during Autumn in Central Georgia
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“We included an intercept-only model in the candidate set as a baseline for comparison (Burnham et al. 2011).”
Method
Effects of Lead Exposure, Flock Behavior, and Management Actions on the Survival of California Condors (Gymnogyps californianus)
Bakker, V. J., Smith, D. R., Copeland, H. E., Brandt, J., Wolstenholme, R., Burnett, J., Kirkland, S., & Finkelstein, M. E. (2016) · EcoHealth · doi:10.1007/s10393-015-1096-2 · Cited by 36
Absolute, not relative brain size correlates with sociality in ground squirrels
Matějů, J., Kratochvíl, L., Pavelková, Z., Řičánková, V. P., Vohralík, V., & Němec, P. (2016) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2015.2725 · Cited by 36
Evaluating the effectiveness of live animal shows at delivering information to zoo audiences
Spooner, S. L., Jensen, E. A., Tracey, L., & Marshall, A. R. (2021) · International Journal of Science Education Part B · doi:10.1080/21548455.2020.1851424 · Cited by 36
Regional drivers of clutch loss reveal important trade-offs for beach-nesting birds
Maslo, B., Schlacher, T. A., Weston, M. A., Huijbers, C. M., Anderson, C., Gilby, B. L., Olds, A. D., Connolly, R. M., & Schoeman, D. S. (2016) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.2460 · Cited by 37
Protected areas buffer the Brazilian semi‐arid biome from climate change
Salvatierra, L. H. A., Ladle, R. J., Barbosa, H. A., Correia, R. A., & Malhado, A. C. M. (2017) · Biotropica · doi:10.1111/btp.12459 · Cited by 35
“Based on the concept of multiple working hypotheses (Chamberlin 1890, Burnham et al. 2011), we used linear mixed models (LMMs) with Gaussian error distribution and a multimodel inference approach to explore if, and how, deforestation and protection level influence the association between monthly…”
Method
A pathway to recovery: the Critically Endangered Sumatran tigerPanthera tigris sumatraein an ‘in danger’ UNESCO World Heritage Site
Pusparini, W., Batubara, T., Surahmat, F., Ardiantiono, A., Sugiharti, T., Muslich, M., Amama, F., Marthy, W., & Andayani, N. (2017) · Oryx · doi:10.1017/s0030605317001144 · Cited by 41
The Strength and Drivers of Bird-Mediated Selection on Fruit Crop Size: A Meta-Analysis
Palacio, F. X., & Ordano, M. A. (2018) · Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.3389/fevo.2018.00018 · Cited by 36
“…the importance of explanatory variables, we adopted an information-theoretic approach based on Akaike’s Information Criterion corrected for small sample sizes (AICc), which allows identifying best models given a certain set of plausible hypotheses (Johnson and Omland, 2004; Burnham et al., 2011).”
Method
Decline in Ecosystem δ13C and Mid-Successional Nitrogen Loss in a Two-Century Postglacial Chronosequence
Malone, E., Abbott, B. W., Klaar, M. J., Kidd, C., Sébilo, M., Milner, A. M., & Pinay, G. (2018) · Ecosystems · doi:10.1007/s10021-018-0245-1 · Cited by 36
Analysis of GABAA Receptor Activation by Combinations of Agonists Acting at the Same or Distinct Binding Sites
Shin, D. J., Germann, A. L., Covey, D. F., Steinbach, J. H., & Akk, G. (2018) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.118.113464 · Cited by 36
“2) models, the observed values of Popen were compared with predicted Popen values by calculating the log likelihood ratio (LLR) as follows (Burnham et al., 2011):”
Method
Temporal Trends of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Barents Sea Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus) in Relation to Changes in Feeding Habits and Body Condition
Lippold, A., Bourgeon, S., Aars, J., Andersen, M., Polder, A., Lyche, J. L., Bytingsvik, J., Jenssen, B. M., Derocher, A. E., Welker, J. M., et al. (2018) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.8b05416 · Cited by 36
Propensity Score Matching for Education Data: Worked Examples
Powell, M. G., Hull, D. M., & Beaujean, A. A. (2020) · The Journal of Experimental Education · doi:10.1080/00220973.2018.1541850 · Cited by 40
Declining invasive grey squirrel populations may persist in refugia as native predator recovery reverses squirrel species replacement
Twining, J. P., Montgomery, I. W., & Tosh, D. G. (2020) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2664.13660 · Cited by 36
Repeated intercontinental migrations and recurring hybridizations characterise the evolutionary history of yew (Taxus L.)
Möller, M., Liu, J., Li, Y., Li, J., Ye, L., Mill, R. R., Thomas, P., Li, D.-Z., & Gao, L. (2020) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106952 · Cited by 36
Factors associated with drug checking service utilization among people who use drugs in a Canadian setting
Long, V., Arredondo, J., Ti, L., Grant, C. C., DeBeck, K., Milloy, M., Lysyshyn, M., Wood, E., Kerr, T. H., & Hayashi, K. (2020) · Harm Reduction Journal · doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00454-4 · Cited by 37
Schistosome infection in Senegal is associated with different spatial extents of risk and ecological drivers for Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni
Jones, I. J., Sokolow, S. H., Chamberlin, A. J., Lund, A. J., Jouanard, N., Bandagny, L., Ndione, R. A., Senghor, S., Schacht, A., Riveau, G. J., et al. (2021) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009712 · Cited by 36
Key drivers regulating arsenic enrichment in shallow groundwater of the Pearl River Delta: Comprehensive analyses of iron, competitive anions, and dissolved organic matter
Yi, H., Cui, J., Sun, J., Zhou, X., Ye, T., Gan, S., Chen, J., Yang, Y., Liang, W., Guo, P., et al. (2023) · Applied Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2023.105602 · Cited by 36
Seasonal variation in competition and coexistence of A edesmosquitoes: stabilizing effects of egg mortality or equalizing effects of resources?
O’Neal, P. A., & Juliano, S. A. (2012) · Journal of Animal Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.02017.x · Cited by 36
Hummingbirds can fuel expensive hovering flight completely with either exogenous glucose or fructose
Chen, C., & Welch, K. C. (2014) · Functional Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2435.12202 · Cited by 41
Bed sites as thermal refuges for a cold‐adapted ungulate in summer
McCann, N. P., Moen, R. A., Windels, S. K., & Harris, T. R. (2016) · Wildlife Biology · doi:10.2981/wlb.00216 · Cited by 36
Who’s afraid of the big bad wolf? Variation in the stress response among personalities and populations in a large wild herbivore
Bonnot, N. C., Bergvall, U. A., Jarnemo, A., & Kjellander, P. (2018) · Oecologia · doi:10.1007/s00442-018-4174-7 · Cited by 36
“For each of the three sets of candidate models described above, we compared the most complex models with all simpler nested models using the Akaike’s information criterion corrected for small sample size (AICc) and Akaike weights (ω) (Burnham et al. 2011).”
Method
Latitudinal variation in behaviors linked to risk tolerance is driven by nest-site competition and spatial distribution in the ant Temnothorax rugatulus
Bengston, S. E., & Dornhaus, A. (2015) · Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1007/s00265-015-1939-4 · Cited by 35
“Canopy cover was measured between 1100 and 1300 hours to standardize the effect of sun angle.”
No Compensatory Relationship between the Innate and Adaptive Immune System in Wild-Living European Badgers
Sin, S. Y. W., Newman, C., Dugdale, H. L., Buesching, C. D., Mannarelli, M., Annavi, G., Burke, T. A., & Macdonald, D. W. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0163773 · Cited by 35
“Multi-model inference [59] was performed for models with ΔAICc< 7 [62].”
Method
Decoupling between bacterial production and primary production over multiple time scales in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
Viviani, D. A., & Church, M. J. (2017) · Deep Sea Research Part I Oceanographic Research Papers · doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2017.01.006 · Cited by 35
“Akaike information criterion (AIC) scores (Burnham et al., 2010) were calculated and used to select the model with the best fit to the time-course activity measurements.”
Method
Body mass and territorial defence strategy affect the territory size of odonate species
Aromaa, S., Ilvonen, J. J., & Suhonen, J. (2019) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2019.2398 · Cited by 35
Specialist by preference, generalist by need: availability of quality hosts drives parasite choice in a natural multihost–parasite system
Manzoli, D. E., Saravia-Pietropaolo, M. J., Arce, S. I., Percara, A., Antoniazzi, L. R., & Beldoménico, P. M. (2021) · International Journal for Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.12.003 · Cited by 35
Soybean resilience to drought is supported by partial recovery of photosynthetic traits
Elsalahy, H. H., & Reckling, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.971893 · Cited by 35
“The selected model was compared with different models in the MuMIn Rpackage (Barton, 2020), and according to the AIC (Burnham et al., 2011), it showed the lowest AIC value (Supplementary Table S2).”
Method
The ecological role of native‐plant landscaping in residential yards to birds during the nonbreeding period
Smallwood, N. L., & Wood, E. M. (2023) · Ecosphere · doi:10.1002/ecs2.4360 · Cited by 37
Facultative interspecific brood parasitism in tits: a last resort to coping with nest-hole shortage
Barrientos, R., Bueno-Enciso, J., Serrano‐Davies, E., & Sanz, J. J. (2015) · Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1007/s00265-015-1972-3 · Cited by 35
Fish community dynamics (1985–2010) in multiple reaches of a large river subjected to flow restoration and other environmental changes
Daufresne, M., Veslot, J., Capra, H., Carrel, G., Poirel, A., Olivier, J., & Lamouroux, N. (2015) · Freshwater Biology · doi:10.1111/fwb.12546 · Cited by 35
Exploring the spatiotemporal dynamics of habitat suitability to improve conservation management of a vulnerable plant species
Gonçalves, J., Alves, P., Pôças, I., Marcos, B., Sousa‐Silva, R., Lomba, Â., & Honrado, J. P. (2016) · Biodiversity and Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10531-016-1206-7 · Cited by 35
“Additionally, we found a clear negative association between habitat suitability for V. micrantha and fire occurrence (average burned area per year, and its trend; see Supplementary material S7), another result with important consequences for conservation management (Driscoll et al. 2010;…”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Multimodal flight display of a neotropical songbird predicts social pairing but not extrapair mating success
Manica, L. T., Graves, J. A., Podos, J., & Macedo, R. H. (2016) · Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1007/s00265-016-2208-x · Cited by 35
“Toward this aim, we calculated weighted averages of beta parameters for predictors across all the models using model probabilities as weight, and unconditional standard errors and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) of each predictor (Burnham and Anderson 2002).”
Method
Predicting post-fire tree mortality for 14 conifers in the Pacific Northwest, USA: Model evaluation, development, and thresholds
Grayson, L. M., Progar, R. A., & Hood, S. M. (2017) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2017.05.038 · Cited by 35
Dam deformation analysis based on BPNN merging models
Zou, J., Bui, K.-T. T., Xiao, Y., & Doan, C. V. (2017) · Geo-spatial Information Science · doi:10.1080/10095020.2017.1386848 · Cited by 35
“From this set of candidate models, the best model is white noise, and can be selected using a statistic approach called Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) (Burnham, Anderson, and Huyvaert 2011).”
MethodInfluential
Taking a trip to the shelf: Behavioral decisions are mediated by the proximity to foraging habitats in the black‐legged kittiwake
Christensen‐Dalsgaard, S., May, R. F., & Lorentsen, S. (2017) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.3700 · Cited by 38

Authors: Burnham, K. P., Anderson, D. R., & Huyvaert, K. P.
Affiliations: Colorado State University (US)
Corresponding author: Burnham, Kenneth P.
ORCID: Huyvaert, Kathryn P.
Venue: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2010-08-18
Volume: 65
Issue: 1
Pages: 23-35
ISSN: 0340-5443 (ISSN-L)
1432-0762
DOI: 10.1007/s00265-010-1029-6
OpenAlex: W2096650374
Semantic Scholar: 33e08c84858e01d75d94592e03272dd4073316ff
Cited by: 4,104
References: 95
Citations by year: 2026: 228 · 2025: 300 · 2024: 327 · 2023: 365 · 2022: 358 · 2021: 434 · 2020: 404 · 2019: 335 · 2018: 340 · 2017: 251 · 2016: 239 · 2015: 192 · 2014: 154 · 2013: 98 · 2012: 53
FWCI: 44.95
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology (publishedVersion)
Funders: Colorado State University
Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China
Topics: Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Inference
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Applications
Keywords: AIC model selection, multi-model inference, alternative hypothesis, hypothesis testing, behavioral ecology, statistical inference, probability models

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AIC model selection and multimodel inference in behavioral ecology: some background, observations, and comparisons

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