The DOI matches its Crossref record; 74 of the 76 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoal - a review
Abstract
Rapid turnover of organic matter leads to a low efficiency of organic fertilizers applied to increase and sequester C in soils of the humid tropics. Charcoal was reported to be responsible for high soil organic matter contents and soil fertility of anthropogenic soils (Terra Preta) found in central Amazonia. Therefore, we reviewed the available information about the physical and chemical properties of charcoal as affected by different combustion procedures, and the effects of its application in agricultural fields on nutrient retention and crop production. Higher nutrient retention and nutrient availability were found after charcoal additions to soil, related to higher exchange capacity, surface area and direct nutrient additions. Higher charring temperatures generally improved exchange properties and surface area of the charcoal. Additionally, charcoal is relatively recalcitrant and can therefore be used as a long-term sink for atmospheric CO2. Several aspects of a charcoal management system remain unclear, such as the role of microorganisms in oxidizing charcoal surfaces and releasing nutrients and the possibilities to improve charcoal properties during production under field conditions. Several research needs were identified, such as field testing of charcoal production in tropical agroecosystems, the investigation of surface properties of the carbonized materials in the soil environment, and the evaluation of the agronomic and economic effectiveness of soil management with charcoal.
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In the citing paper
“Glaser et al. (2002) suggested the oxidation of aromatic C and formation of carboxyl groups to be the main reason for high CEC.”
From Biochar physicochemical properties: pyrolysis temperature and feedstock kind effects (2020) · cites this paper as Glaser et al. 2002
In the citing paper
“In addition, soil application with biochar at a level of 68 t ha À1 increased biomass of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) by 20 and 50%, respectively, and increased cowpea biomass by 100% when biochar was applied at a level of 137 t ha À1 (Glaser et al., 2002).”
From Biochar implications for sustainable agriculture and environment: A review (2019) · cites this paper as Glaser et al., 2002
In the citing paper
“It has been reported that addition of biochars significantly improved soil capacity to retain and adsorb plant nutrients and decrease leaching nutrient losses (Glaser et al., 2002;Lehmann et al., 2003;Uzoma et al., 2011b).”
From Biochar implications for sustainable agriculture and environment: A review (2019) · cites this paper as Glaser et al., 2002
In the citing paper
“The Al concentration can be reduced drastically by addition of biochar that acts as a liming agent in most of the degraded soils (Glaser et al., 2002;Major et al., 2010;Martinsen et al., 2015;Van Zwieten et al., 2010;Yamato et al., 2006).”
From Biochar improves maize growth by alleviation of nutrient stress in a moderately acidic low-input Nepalese soil (2018) · cites this paper as Glaser et al., 2002
In the citing paper
“Besides increasing soil pH (higher Ca/Al ratios and higher PO 4 -3 availability) and base saturation (BS) (Glaser et al., 2002;Martinsen et al., 2015) the addition of biochar increases nutrient retention capacity and soil CEC (Chan et al., 2008;Liang et al., 2006) and thus reduces nutrient leaching (Hale et al., 2013;Laird et al., 2010;Martinsen et al., 2014;Steiner et al., 2007).”
From Biochar improves maize growth by alleviation of nutrient stress in a moderately acidic low-input Nepalese soil (2018) · cites this paper as Glaser et al., 2002
In the citing paper
“The associated increase in soil pH with biochar addition would result in a greater availability of primary and secondary nutrients like K, P, Ca, Mg (Asai et al., 2009; Glaser et al., 2002; Major et al., 2010).”
From A review on biochar modulated soil condition improvements and nutrient dynamics concerning crop yields: Pathways to climate change mitigation and global food security (2019) · cites this paper as Glaser et al., 2002
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BackgroundEffects of Fe-Mn modified biochar composite treatment on the properties of As-polluted paddy soil
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Biochar from Miscanthus: a potential silicon fertilizer
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van Midden, C., Harris, J., Shaw, L. J., Sizmur, T. P., & Pawlett, M. (2023) · Applied Soil Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2023.105066 · Cited by 110
“The highly porous nature of biochar can increase the water holding capacity of sandy soils (Glaser et al., 2002), the soil texture used in both aforementioned studies, retaining moisture from sources such as the digestate and ensuring microorganisms have access to water during drier periods.”
BackgroundKinetics of Carbon Mineralization of Biochars Compared with Wheat Straw in Three Soils
Qayyum, M. F., Steffens, D., Reisenauer, H. P., & Schubert, S. (2012) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq2011.0058 · Cited by 113
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“Much research has been conducted to improve the physico-chemical properties of soils with low organic matter contents in the tropics by using organic residues such as green manure, organic wastes and coalderived humic substances (Piccolo & Mbagwu, 1990; Glaser et al., 2002).”
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Olive mill waste biochar: a promising soil amendment for metal immobilization in contaminated soils
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“Meanwhile, a number of studies have reported that biochar application can enhance soil nutrient availability and nutrient retention due to the increased soil cation exchange capacity and surface area [17,19,21,22].”
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“Soil microorganisms can oxidize biochar thus forming functional groups which can increase nutrient retention via ion exchange (Glaser et al. 2002) and, in general, stabilize soil organic matter (SOM) in ADEs (Glaser 2007).”
BackgroundFurfural and its biochar improve the general properties of a saline soil
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“This i possibly becau e soil organic matter (SOM) losses or gains in a short time are difficult to be measured directly because of (1) the large amount of orga ic matter in s il and (2 the low magnitu e of changes comp red to the total organic carbon stored in the soils (Glaser et al., 2002).”
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“Biochar application can affect soil quality and crop performance n different ways depending on its characteristics and application ate and the soil type (Glaser et al., 2002; Fan et al., 2015).”
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Immobilization of cadmium and lead in contaminated paddy field using inorganic and organic additives
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A Fourier‐Transform Infrared Study of Biochar Aging in Soils
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“…B450 amended soils that contained a relatively smaller proportion of aromatic C. Interest in biochar technology has increased tremendously since the discovery of high levels of soil organic matter and available nutrients in the Terra Preta soils of the Brazilian Amazon basin (Glaser et al., 2002).”
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“Can biochar become a routine management option in agriculture? The basic principle why biochar acts as a valuable soil amendment is by now well established and mainly builds on its recalcitrance in soil and its ability to retain nutrients ( Glaser et al. 2002; Lehmann and Rondon 2006).”
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Microfluidic devices for synthesizing nanomaterials—a review
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“Although numerous studies have evaluated the effect of biochar on chemical fertility and crop growth in highly weathered or degraded tropical soils, few works were focused on the physical properties (Glaser et al. 2002; Steiner et al. 2008; Atkinson et al. 2010).”
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Potential of biochar and organic amendments for reclamation of coastal acidic-salt affected soil
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Biochar amendment boosts photosynthesis and biomass in C 3 but not C 4 plants: A global synthesis
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Igalavithana, A. D., Ok, Y. S., Niazi, N. K., Rizwan, M., Al-Wabel, M. I., Usman, A. R. A., Moon, D. H., & Lee, S. (2017) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su9020266 · Cited by 103
“, <2 nm) might be the main cause of reduced hydraulic conductivity in sandy loam soil treated with biochar, as it has huge surface area and pore volume [42,58].”
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“Therefore, acidic soils containing heavy metals may benefit from the application of an alkaline amendment such as biochar (Glaser et al. 2002); however, the natural weathering of biochar in soil has been shown to override some pH increases associated with its application, as measured in a 3-year…”
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“There is also interest in its role as a biomass-energy sources and as a carbon (C) sinks that could be an important step toward greenhouse gas emission mitigation and soil organic matter conservation (Glasser et al., 2002; Fowles, 2007; Laird, 2008; Gaunt and Lehmann, 2008; Schahczenski, 2010; Qayyum et al., 2012).”
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Thermal characterisation of the products of wastewater sludge pyrolysis
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“When biochar is used as a soil amendment, crop yields and productivity improve, soil acidity decreases, and the need for some chemical and fertilizer inputs decreases [2].”
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Biochar as soil amendment: Impact on chemical properties and corn nutrient uptake in a Podzol
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“Favorable effects of biochar application on crop productivity also have been observed in prior studies (Glaser et al. 2002; Lehmann et al. 2003a; Chan et al. 2007, 2008; Rondon et al. 2007; Asai et al. 2009).”
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“Alkaline biochar with the relatively large amounts of alkali and alkaline earth metals (sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium) and calcite (Kookana et al. 2011) can be used in neutral and acidic soils (Glaser, Lehmann, and Zech 2002).”
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Recent Developments in Understanding Biochar’s Physical–Chemistry
Conte, P., Bertani, R., Sgarbossa, P., Bambina, P., Schmidt, H., Raga, R., Papa, G. L., Martino, D. F. C., & Meo, P. L. (2021) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy11040615 · Cited by 105
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Charcoal Ash and Volatile Matter Effects on Soil Properties and Plant Growth in an Acid Ultisol
Deenik, J. L., Diarra, A., Uehara, G., Campbell, S., Sumiyoshi, Y., & Antal, M. J. (2011) · Soil Science · doi:10.1097/ss.0b013e31821fbfea · Cited by 105
“…Preta do Indio, a sustainable fertile soil of central Amazonia of pre-Columbian origin (Major et al., 2005) provided the model for using charcoal in modern agriculture as a means for C sequestration and soil fertility improvement (Glaser et al., 2002; Lehmann et al., 2003; Lehmann et al., 2006 ).”
BackgroundPyrogenic carbon and its role in contaminant immobilization in soils
Qi, F., Kuppusamy, S., Naidu, R., Bolan, N. S., Ok, Y. S., Lamb, D., Li, Y., Yu, L., Semple, K. T., & Wang, H. (2017) · Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/10643389.2017.1328918 · Cited by 102
“The oxygen-rich surface functional groups (Lin et al., 2012) of PyC contribute largely to the high pH, CEC, and hence sorption potential of biochars (Mukherjee et al., 2011; Yuan et al., 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialNovak, J. M., Cantrell, K. B., & Watts, D. W. (2013) · BioEnergy Research · doi:10.1007/s12155-012-9228-9 · Cited by 98
Bayabil, H. K., Stoof, C. R., Lehmann, J. C., Yitaferu, B., & Steenhuis, T. S. (2015) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.12.015 · Cited by 98
“…for sandy soils, organic amendments including biochar enhanced soil water retention (Abel et al., 2013; Bauer and Black, 1992; Feoli et al., 2002; Glaser et al., 2002; Hollis et al., 1977; Rawls et al., 2003) as well as available water content of medium textured soils (Emami and Astaraei, 2012;…”
BackgroundInfluentialExtent of Pyrolysis Impacts on Fast Pyrolysis Biochar Properties
Brewer, C. E., Hu, Y.-Y., Schmidt‐Rohr, K., Loynachan, T. E., Laird, D. A., & Brown, R. C. (2012) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq2011.0118 · Cited by 103
Fertilizer nitrogen uptake by rice increased by biochar application
Huang, M., Yang, L., Qin, H., Jiang, L., & Zou, Y. (2014) · Biology and Fertility of Soils · doi:10.1007/s00374-014-0908-9 · Cited by 100
“First, biochar can be used as a soil amendment for improving soil quality and, second, storing biochar in soils is regarded as a mean for permanently sequestering carbon (Glaser et al. 2002; Lehman et al. 2006).”
BackgroundAtmospheric pressure microwave plasma source for hydrogen production
Jasiński, M., Czylkowski, D., Hrycak, B., Dors, M., & Mizeraczyk, J. (2013) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.05.105 · Cited by 98
Greenhouse gas emissions of a biomass-based pyrolysis plant in China
Yang, Q., Han, F., Chen, Y., Yang, H., & Chen, H. (2015) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.09.049 · Cited by 104
Bamminger, C., Poll, C., Sixt, C., Högy, P., Wüst, D., Kandeler, E., & Marhan, S. (2016) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2016.09.016 · Cited by 100
Si, L., Xie, Y., Ma, Q., & Wu, L. (2018) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su10020537 · Cited by 102
“The addition of biochar benefited crop yield in acidic soil, although it was not always effective in calcareous soil [64,65].”
BackgroundXia, H., Riaz, M., Zhang, M., Liu, B., Li, Y., El‐Desouki, Z., & Jiang, C. (2021) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131594 · Cited by 96
Pyrolysis and biochar potential using crop residues and agricultural wastes in China
Kung, C.-C., Kong, F., & Choi, Y. (2014) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.06.043 · Cited by 103
Application of Biochars for Soil Constraints: Challenges and Solutions
Solaiman, Z. M., & Anawar, H. M. (2015) · Pedosphere · doi:10.1016/s1002-0160(15)30044-8 · Cited by 104
Dai, Z., Wang, Y., Muhammad, N., Yu, X., Xiao, K., Meng, J., Liu, X., Xu, J. M., & Brookes, P. C. (2014) · Soil Science Society of America Journal · doi:10.2136/sssaj2013.08.0340 · Cited by 99
Modeling black carbon degradation and movement in soil
Foereid, B., Lehmann, J. C., & Major, J. (2011) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-011-0773-3 · Cited by 98
“…Rivière-Beaudette, Qc J0P 1R0, Canada Soils rich in BC are usually fertile, and charcoal material added to the soil in the Amazon has dramatically improved fertility in the so-called “Terra Preta” soils compared to adjacent soils (Glaser et al. 2002; Lehmann et al. 2003; Major et al. 2005).”
BackgroundBiochar increases plant-available water in a sandy loam soil under an aerobic rice crop system
Carvalho, M. T. D. M., Maia, A. D. H. N., Madari, B. E., Bastiaans, L., van Oort, P. A. J., Heinemann, A. B., da Silva, M. A. S., Petter, F. A., Marimon-Junior, B. H., & Meinke, H. (2014) · Solid Earth · doi:10.5194/se-5-939-2014 · Cited by 100
“an interesting option for improving soil physical properties (Glaser et al., 2002).”
BackgroundBiochar amendment in the green roof substrate affects runoff quality and quantity
Kuoppamäki, K., Hagner, M., Lehvävirta, S., & Setälä, H. M. (2015) · Ecological Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.12.010 · Cited by 103
Pandey, V., Patel, A., & Patra, D. D. (2016) · Ecological Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.01.020 · Cited by 97
Blackwell, P. S., Joseph, S. D., Munroe, P. R., Anawar, H. M., Storer, P. J., Gilkes, R. J., & Solaiman, Z. M. (2015) · Pedosphere · doi:10.1016/s1002-0160(15)30049-7 · Cited by 98
“centration in soil and finally to plants (Glaser et al., 2002; Lehmann et al., 2003).”
BackgroundInfluentialShort-term effects of biochar on grapevine fine root dynamics and arbuscular mycorrhizae production
Amendola, C., Montagnoli, A., Terzaghi, M., Trupiano, D., Oliva, F., Baronti, S., Miglietta, F., Chiatante, D., & Scippa, G. S. (2017) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2017.01.025 · Cited by 96
Zhao, B., Xu, R., Ma, F., Li, Y., & Wang, L. (2016) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.10.020 · Cited by 96
Effect of biochar addition on soil respiration partitioning and root dynamics in an apple orchard
Ventura, M., Zhang, C., Baldi, E., Fornasier, F., Sorrenti, G., Panzacchi, P., & Tonon, G. (2013) · European Journal of Soil Science · doi:10.1111/ejss.12095 · Cited by 96
“For instance, the beneficial effects of biochar are often ascribed to its liming properties, because of the commonly found high pH of biochar and the increase in soil pH after its addition to acidic soils (Glaser et al., 2002; Thies & Rillig, 2009).”
BackgroundBiochar increases availability and uptake of phosphorus to wheat under leaching conditions
Madiba, O. F., Solaiman, Z. M., Carson, J. K., & Murphy, D. V. (2016) · Biology and Fertility of Soils · doi:10.1007/s00374-016-1099-3 · Cited by 100
“Furthermore, biochar application enabled more P to be retained in soil (Glaser et al. 2002).”
BackgroundWater Holding Capacity and Absorption Properties of Wood Chars
Zhang, J., & You, C. (2013) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/ef4000769 · Cited by 99
Irfan, M., Hussain, Q., Khan, K. S., Akmal, M., Ijaz, S. S., Hayat, R., Khalid, A., Azeem, M., & Rashid, M. A. (2019) · Arabian Journal of Geosciences · doi:10.1007/s12517-019-4239-x · Cited by 99
Kumar, K., Kumar, R., Kaushal, S., Thakur, N., Umar, A., Akbar, S. A., Ibrahim, A. A., & Baskoutas, S. (2023) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140419 · Cited by 99
Hale, S. E., Jensen, J., Jakob, L., Oleszczuk, P., Hartnik, T., Henriksen, T., Okkenhaug, G., Martinsen, V., & Cornelissen, G. (2013) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es400917g · Cited by 99
Transport and retention of bacteria and viruses in biochar-amended sand
Sasidharan, S., Torkzaban, S., Bradford, S. A., Kookana, R. S., Page, D. W., & Cook, P. G. (2016) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.126 · Cited by 96
“Extensive studies on benefits of biochar application have been reported related to soil fertility (Doan et al., 2015; Glaser et al., 2002), physical properties (Mukherjee, 2013), microbial community and biota (Jindo et al.”
BackgroundSmith, M. W., Pecha, M. B., Helms, G., Scudiero, L., & Garcı̀a-Pèrez, M. (2017) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2017.05.015 · Cited by 94
Gavili, E., Moosavi, A. A., & Haghighi, A. A. K. (2018) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.11.047 · Cited by 97
Novak, J. M., & Busscher, W. J. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3348-4_7 · Cited by 100
Kanthle, A. K., Lenka, N. K., Lenka, S., & Tedia, K. (2015) · Soil and Tillage Research · doi:10.1016/j.still.2015.11.009 · Cited by 94
The Effects of Biochar Amendment on Soil Fertility
Igalavithana, A. D., Ok, Y. S., Usman, A. R. A., Al-Wabel, M. I., Oleszczuk, P., & Lee, S. S. (2015) · SSSA special publication series · doi:10.2136/sssaspecpub63.2014.0040 · Cited by 100
Ouyang, L., Tang, Q., Yu, L., & Zhang, R. (2014) · Soil Research · doi:10.1071/sr14075 · Cited by 93
Gwenzi, W., Muzava, M., Mapanda, F., & Tauro, T. P. (2016) · Journal of Integrative Agriculture · doi:10.1016/s2095-3119(15)61154-6 · Cited by 101
“The multiple beneficial effects of biochar application to soil physical, chemical and biological properties have been documented in several studies (Glaser et al. 2002; Kimetu et al. 2008; Gwenzi et al. 2015) Although results of short-term experiment should be interpreted with cautions, insights from this study sugges…”
BackgroundVariation in Feedstock Wood Chemistry Strongly Influences Biochar Liming Potential
Gezahegn, S., Sain, M. M., & Thomas, S. C. (2019) · Soil Systems · doi:10.3390/soilsystems3020026 · Cited by 99
“Other critical soil properties—for example, nutrient and water retention and cation exchange capacity (CEC) [31]—are also strongly affected by biochar’s porous structure and surface functional groups [32].”
BackgroundAn assessment of the benefits and issues associated with the application of biochar to soil
Brownsort, P. A., Carter, S., Cook, J., Cunningham, C., Gaunt, J., Hammond, J., Ibarrola, R., Mašek, O., Sims, K., & Thornley, P. (2010) · Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) · Cited by 90
Hilscher, A., & Knicker, H. (2010) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.10.007 · Cited by 92
Metadata
- Authors
- Glaser, B., Lehmann, J., & Zech, W.
- Affiliations
- University of Bayreuth (DE)
- Cornell University (US)
- Venue
- Biology and Fertility of Soils
- Published
- 2002-06-01
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 219-230
- ISSN
- 0178-2762 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0789
- OpenAlex
- W2126768074
- Cited by
- 2,890
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 95 · 2025: 127 · 2024: 130 · 2023: 185 · 2022: 198 · 2021: 208 · 2020: 224 · 2019: 204 · 2018: 198 · 2017: 186 · 2016: 176 · 2015: 178 · 2014: 176 · 2013: 159 · 2012: 131
- FWCI
- 18.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Biology and Fertility of Soils (publishedVersion)
- VTechWorks (Virginia Tech) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Agricultural Science and Fertilization
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Management and Crop Yield
- Keywords
- biochar, charcoal, terra preta, highly weathered soils, tropical soils, soil organic matter, soil fertility, nutrient retention, cation exchange capacity, charring temperature, soil carbon sequestration, charcoal combustion, soil physical properties, soil chemical properties, crop production, microorganisms, anthropogenic soils
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