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Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoal - a review
Abstract
Rapid turnover of organic matter leads to a low efficiency of organic fertilizers applied to increase and sequester C in soils of the humid tropics. Charcoal was reported to be responsible for high soil organic matter contents and soil fertility of anthropogenic soils (Terra Preta) found in central Amazonia. Therefore, we reviewed the available information about the physical and chemical properties of charcoal as affected by different combustion procedures, and the effects of its application in agricultural fields on nutrient retention and crop production. Higher nutrient retention and nutrient availability were found after charcoal additions to soil, related to higher exchange capacity, surface area and direct nutrient additions. Higher charring temperatures generally improved exchange properties and surface area of the charcoal. Additionally, charcoal is relatively recalcitrant and can therefore be used as a long-term sink for atmospheric CO2. Several aspects of a charcoal management system remain unclear, such as the role of microorganisms in oxidizing charcoal surfaces and releasing nutrients and the possibilities to improve charcoal properties during production under field conditions. Several research needs were identified, such as field testing of charcoal production in tropical agroecosystems, the investigation of surface properties of the carbonized materials in the soil environment, and the evaluation of the agronomic and economic effectiveness of soil management with charcoal.
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In the citing paper
“Glaser et al. (2002) suggested the oxidation of aromatic C and formation of carboxyl groups to be the main reason for high CEC.”
From Biochar physicochemical properties: pyrolysis temperature and feedstock kind effects (2020) · cites this paper as Glaser et al. 2002
In the citing paper
“In addition, soil application with biochar at a level of 68 t ha À1 increased biomass of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) by 20 and 50%, respectively, and increased cowpea biomass by 100% when biochar was applied at a level of 137 t ha À1 (Glaser et al., 2002).”
From Biochar implications for sustainable agriculture and environment: A review (2019) · cites this paper as Glaser et al., 2002
In the citing paper
“It has been reported that addition of biochars significantly improved soil capacity to retain and adsorb plant nutrients and decrease leaching nutrient losses (Glaser et al., 2002;Lehmann et al., 2003;Uzoma et al., 2011b).”
From Biochar implications for sustainable agriculture and environment: A review (2019) · cites this paper as Glaser et al., 2002
In the citing paper
“The Al concentration can be reduced drastically by addition of biochar that acts as a liming agent in most of the degraded soils (Glaser et al., 2002;Major et al., 2010;Martinsen et al., 2015;Van Zwieten et al., 2010;Yamato et al., 2006).”
From Biochar improves maize growth by alleviation of nutrient stress in a moderately acidic low-input Nepalese soil (2018) · cites this paper as Glaser et al., 2002
In the citing paper
“Besides increasing soil pH (higher Ca/Al ratios and higher PO 4 -3 availability) and base saturation (BS) (Glaser et al., 2002;Martinsen et al., 2015) the addition of biochar increases nutrient retention capacity and soil CEC (Chan et al., 2008;Liang et al., 2006) and thus reduces nutrient leaching (Hale et al., 2013;Laird et al., 2010;Martinsen et al., 2014;Steiner et al., 2007).”
From Biochar improves maize growth by alleviation of nutrient stress in a moderately acidic low-input Nepalese soil (2018) · cites this paper as Glaser et al., 2002
In the citing paper
“The associated increase in soil pH with biochar addition would result in a greater availability of primary and secondary nutrients like K, P, Ca, Mg (Asai et al., 2009; Glaser et al., 2002; Major et al., 2010).”
From A review on biochar modulated soil condition improvements and nutrient dynamics concerning crop yields: Pathways to climate change mitigation and global food security (2019) · cites this paper as Glaser et al., 2002
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Biochar effects on soil biota – A review
Lehmann, J., Rillig, M. C., Thies, J., Masiello, C. A., Hockaday, W. C., & Crowley, D. (2011) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.04.022 · Cited by 5,074
“…surface area of biochars (Liang et al., 2006; Downie et al., 2009) and greater water holding capacity after addition to light-textured soil (Kishimoto and Sugiura, 1985; Glaser et al., 2002), biochars may retain moist pore spaces that allow continued hydration of microorganisms in a drying soil.”
BackgroundBiochar as a sorbent for contaminant management in soil and water: A review
Ahmad, M., Rajapaksha, A. U., Lim, J. E., Zhang, M., Bolan, N., Mohan, D., Vithanage, M., Lee, S. S., & Ok, Y. S. (2014) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.071 · Cited by 4,662
Bio-char Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystems – A Review
Lehmann, J., Gaunt, J., & Rondon, M. (2006) · Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change · doi:10.1007/s11027-005-9006-5 · Cited by 3,053
“For comparison, only about 3% of the aboveground biomass would be converted into forms similar to bio-char (often called charcoal or biomass-derived black C in the respective literature) under a typical slash-and-burn system (Glaser et al. 2002).”
BackgroundBiochar physicochemical properties: pyrolysis temperature and feedstock kind effects
Tomczyk, A., Sokołowska, Z., & Boguta, P. (2020) · Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology · doi:10.1007/s11157-020-09523-3 · Cited by 2,948
“However, Glaser et al. (2002) reported that Amazonian charcoal-rich anthrosols had a field water retention capacity 18.0% higher than that of surrounding soil without charcoal.”
BackgroundInfluentialA review of biochar and its use and function in soil
Sohi, S. P., Krull, E., Lopez-Capel, E., & Bol, R. (2010) · Advances in Agronomy · doi:10.1016/s0065-2113(10)05002-9 · Cited by 2,240
Atkinson, C. J., Fitzgerald, J. D., & Hipps, N. A. (2010) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-010-0464-5 · Cited by 2,154
“…but is generally inefficient (only <2–3% of the original preburn biomass remains as charcoal) and unsustainable due to nutrient losses, particularly N and S (Glaser et al. 2002; Alexis et al. 2007), while after 5–10 years of biological decomposition <10–20% remains (Jenkinson and Ayanaba 1977).”
BackgroundInfluentialAgronomic values of greenwaste biochar as a soil amendment
Chan, K. Y., Van Zwieten, L., Meszaros, I., Downie, A., & Joseph, S. (2007) · Soil Research · doi:10.1071/sr07109 · Cited by 1,902
“Second, biochars can potentially be used as soil amendments for improving the quality of agricultural soils (Glaser et al. 2002a, 2002b; Lehmann et al. 2003).”
BackgroundLibra, J. A., Ro, K. S., Kammann, C., Funke, A., Berge, N. D., Neubauer, Y., Titirici, M.-M., Fühner, C., Bens, O., Kern, J., et al. (2011) · Biofuels · doi:10.4155/bfs.10.81 · Cited by 1,756
Biochar and its effects on plant productivity and nutrient cycling: A meta-analysis
Biederman, L. A., & Harpole, W. S. (2013) · GCB Bioenergy · doi:10.1111/gcbb.12037 · Cited by 1,737
“…carbon, its porous structure, high sur- face area, and affinity for charged particles (Keech et al., 2005) interact with physical and biological components of the soil (Glaser et al., 2002; Steiner et al., 2008a) and can have cascading effects throughout the ecosystem (Hammes & Schmidt, 2009).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialLehmann, J. (2007) · Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment · doi:10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[381:bitb]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 1,714
“…applied to a certain location, additions do not need to be repeated annually, as exemplified by the persistently high fertility of Amazonian Dark Earths over several hundred to thousands of years, as well as by remnants of historic charcoal production (Glaser et al. 2002; Lehmann and Rondon 2006).”
BackgroundThe Art, Science, and Technology of Charcoal Production
Antal, M. J., & Grønli, M. (2003) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research · doi:10.1021/ie0207919 · Cited by 1,623
Impact of biochar amendments on the quality of a typical Midwestern agricultural soil
Laird, D. A., Fleming, P., Davis, D. D., Horton, R., Wang, B., & Karlen, D. L. (2010) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.013 · Cited by 1,385
“In general,the C in biocharisverystableinsoilenvironments(Schmidtetal.,1999;Glaser et al., 2002; Kuzyakov et al., 2009; and Lehmann et al., 2009).”
Maize yield and nutrition during 4 years after biochar application to a Colombian savanna oxisol
Major, J., Rondon, M., Molina, D., Riha, S. J., & Lehmann, J. (2010) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-010-0327-0 · Cited by 1,382
“Soil nutrient availability in highly weathered tropical soils has repeatedly been increased by those biochar materials studied in prior experiments (Glaser et al. 2002; Lehmann et al. 2002, 2003; Rondon et al. 2007; Steiner et al. 2008).”
BackgroundRondon, M. A., Lehmann, J., Ramírez, J., & Hurtado, M. (2007) · Biology and Fertility of Soils · doi:10.1007/s00374-006-0152-z · Cited by 1,333
“Several possible reasons exist: (1) the N availability in soil is lower due to the high C/N ratio of the bio-char and the resulting N immobilization as indicated from Amazonian Dark Earths (Glaser et al. 2002; Lehmann et al. 2003b); (2) the availability of nutrients other than N (i.e., P, K, Ca, Mg, or micronutrients)…”
BackgroundInfluentialRajapaksha, A. U., Chen, S. S., Tsang, D. C. W., Zhang, M., Vithanage, M., Mandal, S., Gao, B., Bolan, N. S., & Ok, Y. S. (2016) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.01.043 · Cited by 1,322
Steiner, C., Teixeira, W. G., Lehmann, J. C., Nehls, T., de Macêdo, J. L. V., Blum, W. E. H., & Zech, W. (2007) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-007-9193-9 · Cited by 1,356
“Glaser et al. (2002) concluded from a literature survey that only sandy soils had higher available moisture after charcoal additions, clayey soils even showed decreased moisture contents with increasing charcoal additions.”
BackgroundBiochar stability in soil: meta-analysis of decomposition and priming effects
Wang, J., Xiong, Z., & Kuzyakov, Y. (2016) · GCB Bioenergy · doi:10.1111/gcbb.12266 · Cited by 1,316
“The biochemical stability of biochar is crucial mainly due to its longevity in soil after application and its long-term maintenance of fertility (Glaser et al., 2002; Lehmann et al., 2009).”
BackgroundGul, S., Whalen, J. K., Thomas, B. W., Sachdeva, V., & Deng, H. (2015) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2015.03.015 · Cited by 1,345
“An increase in soil pH following biochar application is frequently reported for across many soil types (e.g., Glaser et al., 2002; Ameloot et al., 2013a; Farrell et al., 2013; Masto et al., 2013; Stewart et al., 2013; Chintala et al., 2014b; Xu et al., 2014).”
BackgroundImpact of Biochar Amendment on Fertility of a Southeastern Coastal Plain Soil
Novak, J. M., Busscher, W. J., Laird, D. L., Ahmedna, M., Watts, D. W., & Niandou, M. A. S. (2009) · Soil Science · doi:10.1097/ss.0b013e3181981d9a · Cited by 1,291
Mycorrhizal responses to biochar in soil–concepts and mechanisms
Warnock, D. D., Lehmann, J., Kuyper, T. W., & Rillig, M. C. (2007) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-007-9391-5 · Cited by 1,269
“Work on terra preta de índio (TP) soil, the fertile Amazonian Dark Earths, has served as a major inspiration for the use of biochar as a promising soil additive promoting crop growth and carbon storage (Glaser et al. 2002; Glaser and Woods 2004; Lehmann et al. 2006; Glaser 2007).”
Self-citationSurface chemistry variations among a series of laboratory-produced biochars
Mukherjee, A., Zimmerman, A. R., & Harris, W. (2011) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.04.021 · Cited by 1,171
“Although the CEC of terra preta soils has been observed to be directly related to soil pH and clay content (Lehmann et al., 2004; Sombroek, 1966), it is also strongly correlated to BC content (Glaser et al., 2001a, 2001b, 2002).”
BackgroundReview of the stability of biochar in soils: predictability of O:C molar ratios
Spokas, K. A. (2010) · Carbon Management · doi:10.4155/cmt.10.32 · Cited by 1,160
Biochar to improve soil fertility. A review
Ding, Y., Liu, Y., Liu, S., Li, Z., Tan, X., Huang, X., Zeng, G., Zhou, L., & Zheng, B. (2016) · Agronomy for Sustainable Development · doi:10.1007/s13593-016-0372-z · Cited by 1,144
“Overall, the improvement of soil properties is highly contributed to the increased of both nutrient and water use efficiency and crop productivity.”
BackgroundInfluentialOxidation of black carbon by biotic and abiotic processes
Cheng, C.-H., Lehmann, J., Thies, J. E., Burton, S. D., & Engelhard, M. H. (2006) · Organic Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2006.06.022 · Cited by 1,129
Using poultry litter biochars as soil amendments
Chan, K. Y., Van Zwieten, L., Meszaros, I., Downie, A., & Joseph, S. (2008) · Soil Research · doi:10.1071/sr08036 · Cited by 1,103
Abiotic and microbial oxidation of laboratory-produced black carbon (biochar)
Zimmerman, A. R. (2010) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es903140c · Cited by 1,103
Joseph, S., Cowie, A. L., Van Zwieten, L., Bolan, N., Budai, A., Buss, W., Cayuela, M. L., Graber, E. R., Ippolito, J. A., Kuzyakov, Y., et al. (2021) · GCB Bioenergy · doi:10.1111/gcbb.12885 · Cited by 1,090
“Research interest in biochar has grown markedly since 2000 (Figure S1), stimulated by early studies of Terra Preta soils in the Amazon that indicated potential for biochar amendment to simultaneously improve a broad range of soil properties and thus increase agricultural yields, while also contributing to climate chan…”
BackgroundYao, Y., Gao, B., Zhang, M., Inyang, M., & Zimmerman, A. R. (2012) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.06.002 · Cited by 1,030
“nutrients to plants (Glaser et al., 2002; Lehmann et al., 2003; Major et al., 2010). Only a few studies, however, have investigated the ability of biochars to retain nutrients, particularly for a range of different biochars. For example, Lehmann et al. (2003) reported that amendment of biochar produced from secondary…”
BackgroundBiochar: A synthesis of its agronomic impact beyond carbon sequestration
Spokas, K. A., Cantrell, K. B., Novak, J. M., Archer, D. W., Ippolito, J. A., Collins, H. P., Boateng, A. A., Lima, I. M., Lamb, M. C., McAloon, A. J., et al. (2012) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq2011.0069 · Cited by 1,014
“Th ese polycondensed aromatic structures have low O/C ratios that are resistant to microbial degradation (Glaser et al., 2002; Kimetu and Lehmann, 2010; Zimmerman, 2010).”
BackgroundCharacterisation and evaluation of biochars for their application as a soil amendment
Singh, B., Singh, B. P., & Cowie, A. L. (2010) · Soil Research · doi:10.1071/sr10058 · Cited by 991
“Green” path from fossil-based to hydrogen economy: An overview of carbon-neutral technologies
MURADOV, N., & VEZIROGLU, T. (2008) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.08.054 · Cited by 980
Biochar application to low fertility soils: A review of current status, and future prospects
El-Naggar, A., Lee, S. S., Rinklebe, J., Farooq, M., Song, H., Sarmah, A. K., Zimmerman, A. R., Ahmad, M., Shaheen, S. M., & Ok, Y. S. (2019) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.09.034 · Cited by 959
Laird, D. A. (2008) · Agronomy Journal · doi:10.2134/agronj2007.0161 · Cited by 934
Biochar amendment techniques for upland rice production in Northern Laos
Asai, H., Samson, B. K., Stephan, H. M., Songyikhangsuthor, K., Homma, K., Kiyono, Y., Inoue, Y., Shiraiwa, T., & Horie, T. (2009) · Field Crops Research · doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2008.10.008 · Cited by 931
“…(i.e., nutrient retention, nutrient availability), soil physical characteristics (i.e., bulk density, water holding capacity, permeability), and soil biological properties, all contributing to an increased crop productivity (Glaser et al., 2002; Lehmann and Rondon, 2006; Yamato et al., 2006).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialThe role of biochar and biochar-compost in improving soil quality and crop performance: a review
Agegnehu, G., Srivastava, A. K., & Bird, M. I. (2017) · Applied Soil Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.06.008 · Cited by 928
Agegnehu, G., Bass, A. M., Nelson, P. N., & Bird, M. I. (2016) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.054 · Cited by 909
Biochar and its importance on nutrient dynamics in soil and plant
Hossain, M. Z., Bahar, M. M., Sarkar, B., Donne, S. W., Ok, Y. S., Palansooriya, K. N., Kirkham, M. B., Chowdhury, S., & Bolan, N. (2020) · Biochar · doi:10.1007/s42773-020-00065-z · Cited by 904
(2009) · Cited by 884
Zhang, A., Cui, L., Pan, G., Li, L., Hussain, Q., Zhang, X., Zheng, J., & Crowley, D. E. (2010) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2010.09.003 · Cited by 872
“Knoblauch et al. 2008) reported that biochar amendments increased CH4 emisions from a rice paddy, but did not significantly alter the dynamic attern as compared to the control. This could be attributed o inhibitory effects of chemicals in the biochar on the activity f methanotrophs as found by Spokas (2010) in an incu…”
BackgroundResultGraber, E. R., Meller Harel, Y., Kolton, M., Cytryn, E., Silber, A., Rav David, D., Tsechansky, L., Borenshtein, M., & Elad, Y. (2010) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-010-0544-6 · Cited by 850
“, −29 to 324% increase in dry matter) can be attributed to the large variability in studied systems (Glaser et al. 2002).”
BackgroundInfluentialPyrolysis for Biochar Purposes: A Review to Establish Current Knowledge Gaps and Research Needs
Manyà, J. J. (2012) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es301029g · Cited by 879
Characterization of biochar from fast pyrolysis and gasification systems
Brewer, C. E., Schmidt‐Rohr, K., Satrio, J. A., & Brown, R. C. (2009) · Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy · doi:10.1002/ep.10378 · Cited by 868
Influence of biochars on nitrous oxide emission and nitrogen leaching from two contrasting soils
Singh, B. P., Hatton, B. J., Singh, B., Cowie, A. L., & Kathuria, A. (2010) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq2009.0138 · Cited by 818
Effect of cow manure biochar on maize productivity under sandy soil condition
Uzoma, K. C., Inoue, M., Andry, H., Fujimaki, H., Zahoor, A., & Nishihara, E. (2011) · Soil Use and Management · doi:10.1111/j.1475-2743.2011.00340.x · Cited by 832
“Biochar is not easily degraded by soil microbes (Schmidt & Noack, 2000; Glaser et al., 2002) which favour the use of this material for the sandy soils.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialFrom hydrocarbon to hydrogen?carbon to hydrogen economy
Muradov, N., & VEZIROLU, T. (2004) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2004.03.033 · Cited by 796
Liu, X., Zhang, A., Ji, C., Joseph, S., Bian, R., Li, L., Pan, G., & Paz-Ferreiro, J. (2013) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-013-1806-x · Cited by 793
“While benefits for crop yields have often been documented in the literature (Glaser et al. 2002; Jeffery et al. 2011; Spokas et al. 2012; Biederman and Harpole 2013), overall assessments of crop productivity effects are difficult due to the wide variation of experimental conditions including soil type and environment,…”
BackgroundInfluentialImpact of biochar and hydrochar addition on water retention and water repellency of sandy soil
Abel, S., Peters, A., Trinks, S., Schonsky, H., Facklam, M., & Wessolek, G. (2013) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.03.003 · Cited by 785
Review of the pyrolysis platform for coproducing bio‐oil and biochar
Laird, D. A., Brown, R. C., Amonette, J. E., & Lehmann, J. C. (2009) · Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining · doi:10.1002/bbb.169 · Cited by 813
Qambrani, N. A., Rahman, M. M., Won, S., Shim, S., & Ra, C. (2017) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.057 · Cited by 774
Preston, C., & Schmidt, M. (2006) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-3-397-2006 · Cited by 720
“They are dark in colour and still high in fertility compared to the surrounding highly weathered and infertile Oxisols (Glaser et al., 2000, 2001, 2002).”
BackgroundHydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) of Lignocellulosic Biomass
Hoekman, S. K., Broch, A., & Robbins, C. (2011) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/ef101745n · Cited by 742
Houben, D., Evrard, L., & Sonnet, P. (2013) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.03.055 · Cited by 745
“It has also been shown that applicati on of biochar in soils rapidly increases the soil fertility and plant growth by supplying and retaining nutrients while improving soil physical and biological properties (Glaser et al., 2002; Novak et al., 2009; Laird et al., 2010; Uzoma et al., 2011).”
BackgroundBio-oil and bio-char production from corn cobs and stover by fast pyrolysis
Mullen, C. A., Boateng, A. A., Goldberg, N. M., Lima, I. M., Laird, D. A., & Hicks, K. B. (2009) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2009.09.012 · Cited by 744
“and contain more C]O and C–H functional groups that can serve as nutrient exchange sites after oxidation [19].”
BackgroundUchimiya, M., Lima, I. M., Thomas Klasson, K., Chang, S., Wartelle, L. H., & Rodgers, J. E. (2010) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf9044217 · Cited by 719
Kookana, R. S., Sarmah, A. K., Van Zwieten, L., Krull, E., & Singh, B. (2011) · Advances in agronomy · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-385538-1.00003-2 · Cited by 712
JASTROW, J. D., Amonette, J. E., & Bailey, V. (2006) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-006-9178-3 · Cited by 738
“The generation of charcoal sequesters C directly and enhances soil fertility (Dai et al. 2005; Glaser et al. 2002).”
BackgroundZhang, M., Gao, B., Yao, Y., Xue, Y., & Inyang, M. (2012) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2012.08.052 · Cited by 699
Crop Residue Removal Impacts on Soil Productivity and Environmental Quality
Blanco‐Canqui, H., & Lal, R. (2009) · Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences · doi:10.1080/07352680902776507 · Cited by 738
“Biochar is an impure form of recalcitrant C that has a long residence time of about 1000 yr ( Glaser et al. , 2002 ).”
BackgroundEffect of biochar on soil physical properties in two contrasting soils: an Alfisol and an Andisol
Herath, H. M. S. K., Camps-Arbestain, M., & Hedley, M. (2013) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.06.016 · Cited by 674
Peng, X., Ye, L. L., Wang, C. H., Zhou, H., & Sun, B. (2011) · Soil and Tillage Research · doi:10.1016/j.still.2011.01.002 · Cited by 656
Multifunctional applications of biochar beyond carbon storage
Bolan, N., Hoang, S. A., Beiyuan, J., Gupta, S., Hou, D., Karakoti, A., Joseph, S., Jung, S., Kim, K.-H., Kirkham, M. B., et al. (2022) · International Materials Reviews · doi:10.1080/09506608.2021.1922047 · Cited by 638
Yamato, M., Okimori, Y., Wibowo, I. F., Anshori, S., & Ogawa, M. (2006) · Soil Science and Plant Nutrition · doi:10.1111/j.1747-0765.2006.00065.x · Cited by 634
“Glaser et al. (2002) pointed out that the effects of charcoal can be attributed to increases in soil pH and the contents of available nutrients, improvement of nutrient retention by increased cation exchange capacity (CEC), and amelioration of soil physical properties such as soil water retention…”
BackgroundInfluentialQuantifying the Total and Bioavailable Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Dioxins in Biochars
Hale, S. E., Lehmann, J., Rutherford, D., Zimmerman, A. R., Bachmann, R. T., Shitumbanuma, V., O’Toole, A., Sundqvist, K. L., Arp, H. P. H., & Cornelissen, G. (2012) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es203984k · Cited by 634
Self-citationGaunt, J. L., & Lehmann, J. (2008) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es071361i · Cited by 631
Self-citationComparison of biochar properties from biomass residues produced by slow pyrolysis at 500°C
Lee, Y., Park, J., Ryu, C., Gang, K. S., Yang, W., Park, Y.-K., Jung, J., & Hyun, S. (2013) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.135 · Cited by 624
“In general, biochar needs to have high adsorption and cation exchange capacities, and a small amount of mobile compounds such as tar (Glaser et al., 2002; Liang et al., 2008).”
BackgroundBiochar Carbon Stability in a Clayey Soil As a Function of Feedstock and Pyrolysis Temperature
Singh, B. P., Cowie, A. L., & Smernik, R. J. (2012) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es302545b · Cited by 623
Omondi, M. O., Xia, X., Nahayo, A., Liu, X., Korai, P. K., & Pan, G. (2016) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.03.029 · Cited by 654
“Soil amendment with biochar had been shown affecting soil physical properties such as texture, structure, porosity and pore size distribution, available water capacity and soil drainage properties (Glaser et al., 2002; Devereux et al., 2012; Herath et al., 2013).”
BackgroundHart, S. C., DeLuca, T. H., Newman, G. S., MacKenzie, M. D., & Boyle, S. I. (2005) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2005.08.012 · Cited by 618
“Oxidation during charcoal formation produces carboxylic groups on the edges of the aromatic backbone, which increases the nutrient and water holding capacities of charcoal (Glaser et al., 2002).”
BackgroundGlaser, B., & Birk, J. J. (2012) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2010.11.029 · Cited by 464
“It is assumed that microorganisms are responsible for the oxidation of biochar, providing functional groups for nutrient retention (Glaser et al., 2002), that microorganisms contribute significantly to the formation of stable SOM in terra preta (Glaser, 2007), or that specific microorganisms were…”
BackgroundYanai, Y., Toyota, K., & Okazaki, M. (2007) · Soil Science & Plant Nutrition · doi:10.1111/j.1747-0765.2007.00123.x · Cited by 603
“Charcoal was examined in this study because of its potential use for soil amendments in temperate regions (Nerome et al. 2005) and in the tropics (Glaser et al. 2002; Yamato et al. 2006).”
BackgroundMinireview of potential applications of hydrochar derived from hydrothermal carbonization of biomass
Fang, J., Zhan, L., Ok, Y. S., & Gao, B. (2017) · Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2017.08.026 · Cited by 633
Biochar soil amendment on alleviation of drought and salt stress in plants: a critical review
Ali, S., Rizwan, M., Qayyum, M. F., Ok, Y. S., Ibrahim, M., Riaz, M., Arif, M. S., Hafeez, F., Al-Wabel, M. I., & Shahzad, A. N. (2017) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-017-8904-x · Cited by 611
Xiao, X., Chen, B., & Zhu, L. (2014) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es405676h · Cited by 571
Interactions between biochar stability and soil organisms: review and research needs
Ameloot, N., Gräber, E. R., VERHEIJEN, F. G. A., & Neve, S. D. (2013) · European Journal of Soil Science · doi:10.1111/ejss.12064 · Cited by 580
“Specific surface area varies from a few m2 g−1 to more than 400 m2 g−1 biochar, depending on the feedstock used and pyrolysis conditions (Glaser et al ., 2002; © 2013 The Authors Journal compilation © 2013 British Society of Soil Science, European Journal of Soil Science, 64, 379–390 Hilscher et al…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialQuilliam, R. S., Glanville, H. C., Wade, S. C., & Jones, D. L. (2013) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.06.004 · Cited by 575
Past, present, and future of biochar
Chen, W., Meng, J., Han, X., Lan, Y., & Zhang, W. (2019) · Biochar · doi:10.1007/s42773-019-00008-3 · Cited by 552
Jiang, J., Xu, R., Jiang, T.-Y., & Li, Z. (2012) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.05.086 · Cited by 557
Hossain, M. K., Strezov, V., Chan, K. Y., & Nelson, P. F. (2010) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.01.009 · Cited by 563
Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Crops for Sustainable Agriculture
Hirel, B. J., Tétu, T., Lea, P. J., & Dubois, F. (2011) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su3091452 · Cited by 578
“e composted), has frequently been shown to increase soil fertility [61] and to stimulate soil microbial activity through the improvement of soil structure [62].”
BackgroundShort-term biochar-induced increase in soil CO2 release is both biotically and abiotically mediated
Jones, D. L., Murphy, D. V., Khalid, M. A., Ahmad, W., Edwards‐Jones, G., & DeLuca, T. H. (2011) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.04.018 · Cited by 552
Standardized Product Definition and Product Testing Guidelines for Biochar That Is Used in Soil
Ibi, U. (2015) · Cited by 545
Biochar for crop production: potential benefits and risks
Hussain, M., Farooq, M., Nawaz, A., Al-Sadi, A. M., Solaiman, Z. M., Alghamdi, S. S., Ammara, U., Ok, Y. S., & Siddique, K. H. M. (2017) · Journal of Soils and Sediments · doi:10.1007/s11368-016-1360-2 · Cited by 532
“Biochar is therefore extremely resistant to microbial degradation, noticeably expanding the recalcitrant portion of SOC and lessening the release of CO2 from soil (Glaser et al. 2002; Lehmann 2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialSchulz, H., & Glaser, B. (2012) · Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science · doi:10.1002/jpln.201100143 · Cited by 547
“Biochar has proven positive effects on nutrient retention (Glaser et al., 2002; Lehmann et al., 2003; Bélanger et al., 2004; Major et al., 2010), cation-exchange capacity (CEC) (Tryon, 1948; Mikan and Abrams, 1995; Glaser et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialOne Step Forward toward Characterization: Some Important Material Properties to Distinguish Biochars
Schimmelpfennig, S., & Glaser, B. (2012) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq2011.0146 · Cited by 518
Uchimiya, M., Lima, I. M., Klasson, K. T., & Wartelle, L. H. (2010) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.05.020 · Cited by 530
“Sorption on micro and mesopores, and specific interactions with surface functional groups (especially oxygen-donor ligands such as carboxylates) play essential roles in soil fertilization by biochar amendment (Glaser et al., 2002).”
BackgroundUse of Chemical and Physical Characteristics To Investigate Trends in Biochar Feedstocks
Mukome, F. N. D., Zhang, X., Silva, L. C. R., Six, J., & Parikh, S. J. (2013) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf3049142 · Cited by 517
Water uptake in biochars: The roles of porosity and hydrophobicity
Gray, M., Johnson, M. G., Dragila, M. I., & Kleber, M. (2014) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.12.010 · Cited by 535
Dempster, D. N., Gleeson, D. B., Solaiman, Z. M., Jones, D. L., & Murphy, D. V. (2012) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-011-1067-5 · Cited by 509
“…amendment of soils with biochar (in the range 0.5– 135 t ha −1 ) has been shown to increase plant yield, improve chemical and physical properties (Glaser et al. 2002), and modify the soil physical habitat for microbial colonisation, thus altering soil microbial activity and community structure…”
InfluentialEffect of peanut hull and pine chip biochar on soil nutrients, corn nutrient status, and yield
Gaskin, J. W., Speir, R. A., Harris, K., Das, K. C., Lee, R. D., Morris, L. A., & Fisher, D. S. (2010) · Agronomy Journal · doi:10.2134/agronj2009.0083 · Cited by 507
Phosphate and ammonium sorption capacity of biochar and hydrochar from different wastes
Takaya, C. A., Fletcher, L. A., Singh, S., Anyikude, K. U., & Ross, A. B. (2015) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.052 · Cited by 508
“Based on the assumption that 237 carboxyl and other functional groups improve CEC (Boehm 1994; Glaser et al. 2002; 238 Warner 1977), the removal of volatile hydrocarbons from the surface of the biochar 239 containing these groups by solvent extraction is expected to affect CEC by revealing 240 a…”
BackgroundDoes biochar influence soil physical properties and soil water availability?
Hardie, M. A., Clothier, B., Bound, S., Oliver, G., & Close, D. C. (2013) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-013-1980-x · Cited by 530
“…relevance to agriculture, as most have been conducted (1) on ancient anthropogenic soils rather than current soils (Ayodele et al. 2009; Glaser et al. 2002, 2004), (2) on non-agricultural soils (Belyaeva and Haynes 2012; Jones et al. 2010; Uzoma et al. 2011), (3) using charcoals rather…”
BackgroundReview of biochar for the management of contaminated soil: Preparation, application and prospect
Yuan, P., Wang, J., Pan, Y., Shen, B., & Wu, C. (2018) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.400 · Cited by 513
Application of biochar on mine tailings: Effects and perspectives for land reclamation
Fellet, G., Marchiol, L., Vedove, G. D., & Peressotti, A. (2011) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.03.053 · Cited by 509
“According to the authors, BC is a soil conditioner that enhances plant growth by supplying and retaining nutrients and by providing other services such as improving the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil (Glaser et al., 2002; Lehmann et al., 2003).”
BackgroundThe Nature and Longevity of Agricultural Impacts on Soil Carbon and Nutrients: A Review
McLauchlan, K. K. (2006) · Ecosystems · doi:10.1007/s10021-005-0135-1 · Cited by 519
Wildfire-produced charcoal directly influences nitrogen cycling in ponderosa pine forests
DeLuca, T. H., MacKenzie, M. D., Gundale, M. J., & Holben, W. E. (2006) · Soil Science Society of America Journal · doi:10.2136/sssaj2005.0096 · Cited by 495
“, 2004), exchange potential (Glaser et al., 2002), or surface adsorption potential of organic compounds (Zackrisson et al.”
BackgroundBiochar effects on phosphorus availability in agricultural soils: A meta-analysis
Glaser, B., & Lehr, V.-I. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-45693-z · Cited by 510
Role of biochar as an additive in organic waste composting
Sanchez-Monedero, M. A., Cayuela, M. L., Roig, A., Jindo, K., Mondini, C., & Bolan, N. S. (2017) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.193 · Cited by 508
Charcoal volatile matter content influences plant growth and soil nitrogen transformations
Deenik, J. L., McClellan, T., Uehara, G., Antal, M. J., & Campbell, S. (2010) · Soil Science Society of America Journal · doi:10.2136/sssaj2009.0115 · Cited by 485
Obia, A., Mulder, J., Martinsen, V., Cornelissen, G., & Børresen, T. (2016) · Soil and Tillage Research · doi:10.1016/j.still.2015.08.002 · Cited by 488
Biochar and the Nitrogen Cycle: Introduction
Clough, T. J., & Condron, L. M. (2010) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq2010.0204 · Cited by 482
Metadata
- Authors
- Glaser, B., Lehmann, J., & Zech, W.
- Affiliations
- University of Bayreuth (DE)
- Cornell University (US)
- Venue
- Biology and Fertility of Soils
- Published
- 2002-06-01
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 219-230
- ISSN
- 0178-2762 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0789
- OpenAlex
- W2126768074
- Cited by
- 2,890
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 95 · 2025: 127 · 2024: 130 · 2023: 185 · 2022: 198 · 2021: 208 · 2020: 224 · 2019: 204 · 2018: 198 · 2017: 186 · 2016: 176 · 2015: 178 · 2014: 176 · 2013: 159 · 2012: 131
- FWCI
- 18.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Biology and Fertility of Soils (publishedVersion)
- VTechWorks (Virginia Tech) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Agricultural Science and Fertilization
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Management and Crop Yield
- Keywords
- biochar, charcoal, terra preta, highly weathered soils, tropical soils, soil organic matter, soil fertility, nutrient retention, cation exchange capacity, charring temperature, soil carbon sequestration, charcoal combustion, soil physical properties, soil chemical properties, crop production, microorganisms, anthropogenic soils
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