Amendment of degraded desert soil with wastewater debris containing immobilized Chlorella sorokiniana and Azospirillum brasilense significantly modifies soil bacterial community structure, diversity, and richness
Abstract
The main goal of this study was to expand our knowledge of what happens to the soil bacterial community in an eroded desert soil when improvement of soil fertility is derived from the application of debris of tertiary wastewater treatment containing immobilized microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana and the plant growth-promoting bacterium (PGPB) Azospirillum brasilense. We hypothesized that an “improved” non-agricultural desert soil will exhibit substantial changes in the structure of the bacterial community in a relatively short time after amendment. To assess the effect of the amendments, microalgae and PGPB alone or combined, on the structure of the rhizosphere bacterial community, changes in species richness and bacterial diversity over time were based on sequence differences in the 16S rRNA gene, performed with PCR–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and then analyzed by similarity test and non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis. Root surface colonization and persistence in the rhizosphere of A. brasilense was monitored by fluorescent in situ hybridization and sequencing of DGGE bands. Application of waste debris significantly changed the rhizosphere bacterial population structure, whether comparisons were made over time, between inoculated and non-inoculated soil, and among different inoculated microorganisms. Species richness and diversity increased when the waste debris contained the microalgae–bacteria association and also over time. Even as its secondary role as an inoculant after wastewater treatment, A. brasilense colonized the root surface profusely and persisted within the rhizosphere bacterial community. This study demonstrated that small organic amendment to desert soil significantly changed soil bacterial community compared to the original soil and also 2 months after amendments were added.
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Growth of sorghum in the amended soil was greater than that of plants grown in low organic matter, untreated soil, or soil amended with beads of just alginate or containing only microalgae or bacteria.
“Growth of sorghum in the amended soil was greater than that of plants grown in low organic matter, untreated soil, or soil amended with beads of just alginate or containing only microalgae or bacteria.”
From Toward the Enhancement of Microalgal Metabolite Production through Microalgae–Bacteria Consortia (2021) · cites this paper as [136]
Application of the beads significantly changed the rhizosphere bacterial population structure, and species richness and diversity increased with the beads containing the microalgae-bacteria association.
“Application of the beads significantly changed the rhizosphere bacterial population structure, and species richness and diversity increased with the beads containing the microalgae–bacteria association [135,136].”
From Toward the Enhancement of Microalgal Metabolite Production through Microalgae–Bacteria Consortia (2021) · cites this paper as [136]
The surface of the plant roots growing in the amended soil was heavily colonized by A. brasilense.
“The surface of the plant roots growing in the amended soil was heavily colonized by A. brasilense.”
From Toward the Enhancement of Microalgal Metabolite Production through Microalgae–Bacteria Consortia (2021) · cites this paper as [136]
The application of the dry beads increased organic matter, organic carbon, and microbial carbon in the soil.
“The application of the dry beads increased organic matter, organic carbon, and microbial carbon in the soil.”
From Toward the Enhancement of Microalgal Metabolite Production through Microalgae–Bacteria Consortia (2021) · cites this paper as [136]
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Toward the Enhancement of Microalgal Metabolite Production through Microalgae–Bacteria Consortia
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Lopez, B. R., Bashan, Y., Trejo, A., & de-Bashan, L. E.
- Affiliations
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste S.C. (MX)
- Venue
- Biology and Fertility of Soils
- Published
- 2013-04-19
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1053-1063
- ISSN
- 0178-2762 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0789
- OpenAlex
- W2117632751
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 3.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Biology and Fertility of Soils (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Keywords
- soil amendment, Chlorella sorokiniana, Azospirillum brasilense, plant growth-promoting bacteria, rhizosphere bacterial community, soil bacterial diversity, species richness, root colonization, soil fertility improvement, 16S rRNA gene
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