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A Microfluidic Model of AQP4 Polarization Dynamics and Fluid Transport in the Healthy and Inflamed Human Brain: The First Step Towards Glymphatics‐on‐a‐Chip

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Aquaporin-4 as the Main Element of the Glymphatic System for Clearance of Abnormal Proteins and Prevention of Neurodegeneration: A Review

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The Role of the Glymphatic Clearance System in the Mechanisms of the Interactions of the Sleep–Waking Cycle and the Development of Neurodegenerative Processes

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Development of a Multicomponent Intervention to Prevent Alzheimer's Disease

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3D Reconstruction of the Neurovascular Unit Reveals Differential Loss of Cholinergic Innervation in the Cortex and Hippocampus of the Adult Mouse Brain

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Demonstrating a reduced capacity for removal of fluid from cerebral white matter and hypoxia in areas of white matter hyperintensity associated with age and dementia

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In Vivo Evidence for Impaired Glymphatic Function in the Visual Pathway of Patients With Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

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Comparative route of administration studies using therapeutic siRNAs show widespread gene modulation in Dorset sheep

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Impact of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage on Human Glymphatic Function: A Time-Evolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

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A Proposed Role for Lymphatic Supermicrosurgery in the Management of Alzheimer's Disease: A Primer for Reconstructive Microsurgeons

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Impaired Peripheral Lymphatic Function and Cerebrospinal Fluid Outflow in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

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Application of fluorescent dextrans to the brain surface under constant pressure reveals AQP4-independent solute uptake

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Vasomotion Drives Periarterial Drainage of Aβ from the Brain

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Peri‐arterial pathways for clearance of α‐Synuclein and tau from the brain: Implications for the pathogenesis of dementias and for immunotherapy

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Glymphatic imaging and modulation of the optic nerve

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Fluid dynamics in aging-related dementias

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Pathogenesis, manifestations, diagnosis, and management of CNS complications in hereditary ATTR amyloidosis

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Influx of Tau and Amyloid-β Proteins into the Blood During Hemodialysis as a Therapeutic Extracorporeal Blood Amyloid-β Removal System for Alzheimer’s Disease

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All Central Nervous System Neuro- and Vascular-Communication Channels Are Surrounded With Cerebrospinal Fluid

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Aberrant waste disposal in neurodegeneration: why improved sleep could be the solution

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Ultrastructural Remodeling of the Neurovascular Unit in the Female Diabetic db/db Model—Part I: Astrocyte

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A route for cerebrospinal fluid flow through leptomeningeal arterial–venous overlaps enables macromolecule and fluid shunting

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Glymphatic dysfunction in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and pathological aging

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Most Small Cerebral Cortical Veins Demonstrate Significant Flow Pulsatility: A Human Phase Contrast MRI Study at 7T

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Unique features of the arterial blood–brain barrier

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Nasal delivery of polymeric nanoDisc mobilizes a synergy of central and peripheral amyloid-β clearance to treat Alzheimer’s disease

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Determinants of Intraparenchymal Infusion Distributions: Modeling and Analyses of Human Glioblastoma Trials

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Aβ Deposits in the Neocortex of Adult and Infant Hypoxic Brains, Including in Cases of COVID-19

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Measuring glymphatic function: Assessing the toolkit

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Molecular Biomarkers of Neuronal Injury in Epilepsy Shared with Neurodegenerative Diseases

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Recent Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration and Photobiomodulation in the Context of Alzheimer’s Disease

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The significance of the glymphatic pathway in the relationship between the sleep—wake cycle and neurodegenerative diseases

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Aquaporin 4 modulation drives amyloid burden and cognitive abilities in an APPPS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

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High-resolution 3D demonstration of regional heterogeneity in the glymphatic system

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Investigating brain uptake of a non-targeting monoclonal antibody after intravenous and intracerebroventricular administration

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Protein biomarkers in multiple sclerosis

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Quantitative imaging of the clearance systems in the eye and the brain

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Reduced Levels of Cerebrospinal Fluid/Plasma Aβ40 as an Early Biomarker for Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy in RTg-DI Rats

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Follow-up study of a patient with early onset cerebral amyloid angiopathy following childhood cadaveric dural graft

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The potential therapeutic benefits of low frequency haemodynamic oscillations

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Glymphatic MRI techniques in sleep and neurodegenerative diseases

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Cerebral amyloid angiopathy and the immune system

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The role of the parenchymal vascular system in cerebrospinal fluid tracer clearance

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Targeting lysyl-oxidase (LOX) may facilitate intramural periarterial drainage for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease

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The Glymphatic System and Subarachnoid Lymphatic-Like Membrane: Recent Developments in Cerebrospinal Fluid Research

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ApoE4 Astrocytes Secrete Basement Membranes Rich in Fibronectin and Poor in Laminin Compared to ApoE3 Astrocytes

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Geometrically Reduced Modelling of Pulsatile Flow in Perivascular Networks

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Plasticity of the spinal glymphatic system in male SD rats with painful diabetic neuropathy induced by type 2 diabetes mellitus

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The impairment of intramural periarterial drainage in brain after subarachnoid hemorrhage

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Elevated neurofilament light chain CSF/serum ratio indicates impaired CSF outflow in idiopathic intracranial hypertension

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Ultrastructural and Molecular Characterization of Platelet-derived growth factor Beta-Positive Leptomeningeal Cells in the Adult Rat Brain

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Relationship between Time-dependent Signal Changes in Parasagittal Perivenous Cysts and Leakage of Gadolinium-based Contrast Agents into the Subarachnoid Space

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Association between enlarged perivascular spaces and cerebrospinal fluid aquaporin-4 and tau levels: report from a memory clinic

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The Venular Side of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: Proof of Concept of a Neglected Issue

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Clearance dysfunction of trans-barrier transport and lymphatic drainage in cerebral small vessel disease: Review and prospect

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A review of cerebrospinal fluid circulation with respect to Chiari-like malformation and syringomyelia in brachycephalic dogs

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Cerebral microbleeds in vascular dementia from clinical aspects to host-microbial interaction

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Brain lymphatic drainage pathways, deep cervical lymphatic surgery, and current insights: A systematic review

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Neurofluid as Assessed by Diffusion-Weighted Imaging

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Effects of lactate and carbon monoxide interactions on neuroprotection and neuropreservation

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Perceiving traumatic brain injury from glymphatic system

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Cerebrospinal Fluid–Mediated Brain Clearance: Insights from Human Studies

Eide, P. K., Quesada, C. L. V., & Ringstad, G. A. (2026) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-043024-120520 · Cited by 16

Fast uncertainty quantification of tracer distribution in the brain interstitial fluid with multilevel and quasi Monte Carlo

Croci, M., Vinje, V., & Rognes, M. E. (2020) · International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1002/cnm.3412 · Cited by 12

The year in review: progress in brain barriers and brain fluid research in 2018

Keep, R. F., Jones, H. C., & Drewes, L. R. (2019) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/s12987-019-0124-y · Cited by 12

A budget for brain metabolic water production by glucose catabolism during rest, rises in activity and sleep

Dienel, G. A., & Lauritzen, M. (2025) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/s12987-025-00647-8 · Cited by 13

Exogenous Aβ seeds induce Aβ depositions in the blood vessels rather than the brain parenchyma, independently of Aβ strain-specific information

Hamaguchi, T., Kim, J. H., Hasegawa, A., Goto, R., Sakai, K., Ono, K., Itoh, Y., & Yamada, M. (2021) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-021-01252-0 · Cited by 11

Approaches for Increasing Cerebral Efflux of Amyloid-β in Experimental Systems

Loeffler, D. A. (2024) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-240212 · Cited by 12

The Configuration of the Perivascular System Transporting Macromolecules in the CNS

Durcanova, B., Appleton, J., Gurijala, N., Belov, V., Giffenig, P., Moeller, E. L., Hogan, M., Lee, F., & Papisov, M. I. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.00511 · Cited by 11

Vascular α1A Adrenergic Receptors as a Potential Therapeutic Target for IPAD in Alzheimer’s Disease

Frost, M., Keable, A., Baseley, D., Sealy, A., Zbarcea, D. A., Gatherer, M., Yuen, H. M., Sharp, M. M., Weller, R. O., Attems, J., et al. (2020) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph13090261 · Cited by 11

Topical Cellular/Tissue and Molecular Aspects Regarding Nonpharmacological Interventions in Alzheimer’s Disease—A Systematic Review

Aurelian, S. M., Ciobanu, A. M., Carare, R. O., Stoica, S. I., Anghelescu, A., Ciobanu, V., Onose, G., Munteanu, C., Popescu, C., Andone, I., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms242216533 · Cited by 12

Clearance of erythrocytes from the subarachnoid space through cribriform plate lymphatics in female mice

Madarasz, A., Li, X., & Proulx, S. T. (2024) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105295 · Cited by 10

Understanding central nervous system fluid networks: Historical perspectives and a revised model for clinical neurofluid imaging

Mehta, R. I., & Mehta, R. I. (2024) · NMR in Biomedicine · doi:10.1002/nbm.5149 · Cited by 9

Functional abnormalities of the glymphatic system in cognitive disorders

Shentu, W., Kong, Q., Zhang, Y., Li, W., Chen, Q., Yan, S., Wang, J., Lai, Q., Qi, X., & Qiao, S. (2025) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-01049 · Cited by 9

Optimal sequences and sequence parameters for GBCA-enhanced MRI of the glymphatic system: a systematic literature review

Mijnders, L. S., Steup, F. W., Lindhout, M., van der Kleij, P., Brink, W. M., & van der Molen, A. J. (2020) · Acta Radiologica · doi:10.1177/0284185120969950 · Cited by 9

Impaired glymphatic clearance is an important cause of Alzheimer’s disease

Hazzard, I., Batiste, M., Luo, T., Cheung, C., & Lui, F. (2024) · Exploration of Neuroprotective Therapy · doi:10.37349/ent.2024.00091 · Cited by 9

Disentangling the impact of cerebrospinal fluid formation and neuronal activity on solute clearance from the brain

Segeroth, M., Wachsmuth, L., Gagel, M., Albers, F., Heß, A., & Faber, C. (2023) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/s12987-023-00443-2 · Cited by 9

Image analysis techniques for in vivo quantification of cerebrospinal fluid flow

Kim, D., Gan, Y., Nedergaard, M., Kelley, D. H., & Tithof, J. (2023) · Experiments in Fluids · doi:10.1007/s00348-023-03719-3 · Cited by 7

Brain Fluid Channels for Metabolite Removal

Maloveská, M., Humeník, F., Vikartovská, Z., Hudáková, N., Almášiová, V., Krešáková, L., & Čı́žková, D. (2022) · Physiological Research · doi:10.33549/physiolres.934802 · Cited by 8

Adult Hydrocephalus and the Glymphatic System

Eide, P. K. (2025) · Neurosurgery Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.nec.2024.11.002 · Cited by 9

Covert cerebrospinal fluid dynamics dysfunction: evolution from conventional to innovative therapies

Xu, Y. X., Yin, H., Li, L., Wang, X., & Hou, Q. (2025) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2025.1554813 · Cited by 7

The underlying role of pericyte-related cerebral lymphatic microcirculation dysfunction in cerebral small vessel disease

Cao, T., Yang, C., Zhang, J., Yan, Y., Chen, Z., Peng, X., Xia, C., Pan, M., Zou, C., & Lü, T. (2025) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2025.107101 · Cited by 8

Physiological brain clearance architecture revealed by neuronal protein tracing

Chayama, Y., Rao, N. R., Perla, D., Zhang, Z., Reid, M. M., Nelson, S., Wen, X., Ding, B., Blumenfeld, J. R., Apolonio, A., et al. (2026) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2026.04.048 · Cited by 11

Chronic neuroinflammation impairs waste clearance in the rat brain

Suresh, S., Larson, J., & Jenrow, K. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroanatomy · doi:10.3389/fnana.2022.1013808 · Cited by 7

Aβ42 treatment of the brain side reduced the level of flotillin from endothelial cells on the blood side via FGF-2 signaling in a blood–brain barrier model

Nakamura, T., Hashita, T., Chen, Y., Gao, Y., Sun, Y., Islam, S., Sato, H., Shibuya, Y., Zou, K., Matsunaga, T., et al. (2023) · Molecular Brain · doi:10.1186/s13041-023-01005-1 · Cited by 7

Visual Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis and its Animal Model, Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: a Review

Shin, T., Ahn, M., Kim, J., Jung, K., Moon, C., & Kim, M.-D. (2021) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-021-02355-4 · Cited by 7

The α-dystrobrevins play a key role in maintaining the structure and function of the extracellular matrix–significance for protein elimination failure arteriopathies

Sharp, M. M., Cassidy, J., Thornton, T., Lyles, J., Keable, A., Gatherer, M., Yasui, M., Abe, Y., Shibata, S., Weller, R. O., et al. (2021) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-021-01274-8 · Cited by 7

An Enlarged Perivascular Space: Clinical Relevance and the Role of Imaging in Aging and Neurologic Disorders

Yim, Y., & Moon, W. (2022) · Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology · doi:10.3348/jksr.2022.0049 · Cited by 6

Alzheimer Dementia as a Consequence of the Brain Glymphatic System Dysfunction

Shirolapov, I. V., Zakharov, A. V., Bulgakova, S. V., Kulikovskikh, I., Pavlova, O. N., Lyamin, A. V., Smirnova, D. A., & Khivintseva, E. (2023) · Психиатрия психотерапия и клиническая психология · doi:10.34883/pi.2023.14.3.004 · Cited by 7

F1‐03‐01: CONVECTIVE INFLUX/GLYMPHATIC SYSTEM: TRACERS INJECTED INTO THE CSF ENTER AND LEAVE THE BRAIN ALONG SEPARATE PERIARTERIAL BASEMENT MEMBRANE PATHWAYS

Albargothy, N. J., Sharp, M. T. M., Johnsotn, D. A., Weller, R. O., Verma, A., Hawkes, C. A., & Carare, R. O. (2018) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.2311

Solutes, but not cells, drain from the brain parenchyma along basement membranes of capillaries and arteries: significance for cerebral amyloid angiopathy and neuroimmunology

Carare, R. O., Bernardes‐Silva, M., Newman, T. A., Page, A. M., Nicoll, J. A. R., Perry, V. H., & Weller, R. O. (2008) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2007.00926.x · Cited by 665

Connections between perivascular interstitial fluid drainage pathways in the brain: significance for Alzheimer's disease and neuroimmunology

Carare‐Nnadi, R., Bernardes-Silva, M., Subash, M., Perry, V. H., & Weller, R. O. (2006) · ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2006.00749.x · Cited by 3

Vascular basement membranes as pathways for the passage of fluid into and out of the brain

Morris, A. W. J., Sharp, M. M., Albargothy, N. J., Fernandes, R., Hawkes, C. A., Verma, A., Weller, R. O., & Carare, R. O. (2016) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-016-1555-z · Cited by 289

Pathways of communication between the subarachnoid space and the brain parenchyma : are they relevant to neurodegenerative diseases?

Albargothy, N. J. (2017) · ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)