CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 752Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalusBarrier Structure and Function StudiesTraumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances

Evidence for a ‘Paravascular’ fluid circulation in the mammalian central nervous system, provided by the rapid distribution of tracer protein throughout the brain from the subarachnoid space

Rennels, Marshall L., Gregory, Thomas F., Blaumanis, Otis R., Fujimoto, Katsukuni, Grady, Patricia A.·1985·Brain Research
DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(85)91383-6
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The protein tracer, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), was infused into the lateral cerebral ventricles or subarachnoid space of anesthetized cats and dogs after insertion of a cisternal cannula to permit drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and tracer solution. The intracerebral distribution of the tracer was then determined by light microscopy of serial brain sections after postinfusion intervals of 4 min-2 h. For the localization of HRP, sections were incubated with diaminobenzidine (DAB) or the much more sensitive chromogen, tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). The TMB reaction showed a consistent 'paravascular' distribution of tracer reaction product, within the perivascular spaces (PVS) around large penetrating vessels and in the basal laminae around capillaries, far beyond the termination of the PVS. After infusion of HRP over 4 min, arterioles were surrounded by the tracer, but capillaries and venules were usually less densely demarcated; by 6 min, however, the intraparenchymal microvasculature was outlined in toto throughout the forebrain and brainstem. Electron microscopy of sections incubated in DAB after 10 or 20 min HRP circulation confirmed the paravascular location of the reaction product, which was also dispersed throughout the extracellular spaces (ECS) of the adjacent parenchyma. Our results demonstrate that solutes in the CSF have access to the ECS throughout the neuraxis within minutes via fluid pathways paralleling the intraparenchymal vasculature. The rapid paravascu…

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/0006-8993(85)91383-6

Cites

2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Animal studies have shown communication between the subarachnoid CSF space and perivascular compartments of the brain and spinal cord.

    “Previous animal studies have shown communication between the subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space and perivascular compartments of the brain (6-10) and spinal cord (11).”

    From Brain-wide glymphatic enhancement and clearance in humans assessed with MRI. (2018) · cites this paper as [6]

  • Early studies have suggested that solutes injected into the subarachnoid space can use paravascular transport from the subarachnoid space to enter the brain through Virchow-Robin spaces in the same direction as the flow of blood.

    “Early studies have suggested that solutes injected into the subarachnoid space can use paravascular transport from the subarachnoid space to enter the brain through VirchowRobin spaces in the same direction to the flow of blood (496).”

    From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [496]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Rennels, M. L., Gregory, T. F., Blaumanis, O. R., Fujimoto, K., & Grady, P. A.
Affiliations
University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
Corresponding author
Rennels, Marshall L.
ORCID
Fujimoto, Katsukuni
Venue
Brain Research
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1985-02
Volume
326
Issue
1
Pages
47-63
ISSN
0006-8993 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/0006-8993(85)91383-6
OpenAlex
W2021493191
Cited by
752
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 15
FWCI
6.39
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Brain Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5p50ns016332-08)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (3 P50 NS 16332)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
Keywords
cerebrospinal fluid, perivascular spaces, horseradish peroxidase tracer, subarachnoid space, cerebral microvasculature, extracellular space, dogs
MeSH terms
Anesthesia, General, Animals, Arteries, Arterioles, Biological Transport, Brain, Cats, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Female, Male, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Pulse, Subarachnoid Space

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review