Neurological and cognitive sequelae of COVID-19: a four month follow-up.
Open accessAbstract
Central and peripheral nervous system involvement during acute COVID-19 is well known. Although many patients report some subjective symptoms months after the infection, the exact incidence of neurological and cognitive sequelae of COVID-19 remains to be determined. The aim of this study is to investigate if objective neurological or cognitive impairment is detectable four months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, in a group of patients who had mild-moderate COVID-19. A cohort of 120 health care workers previously affected by COVID-19 was examined 4 months after the diagnosis by means of neurological and extensive cognitive evaluation and compared to a group of 30 health care workers who did not have COVID-19 and were similar for age and co morbidities. At 4 month follow-up, 118/120 COVID-19 cases had normal neurological examination, two patients had neurological deficits. COVID-19 patients did not show general cognitive impairment at MMSE. In COVID-19 cases the number of impaired neuropsychological tests was not significantly different from non COVID-19 cases (mean 1.69 and 1 respectively, Mann-Whitney p = n.s.), as well as all the mean tests' scores. Anxiety, stress and depression scores resulted to be significantly higher in COVID-19 than in non COVID-19 cases. The results do not support the presence of neurological deficits or cognitive impairment in this selected population of mild-moderate COVID-19 patients four months after the diagnosis. Severe emotional disorders in patients who had COVID-19 in the past are confirmed.
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Cross-sectional studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 infection is linked to an increased risk of cognitive impairment.
“several cross-sectional studies showing that SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with an increase in risk of cognitive impairment”
From One-Year Trajectory of Cognitive Changes in Older Survivors of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A Longitudinal Cohort Study (2022) · cites this paper as [23]
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- Authors
- Mattioli, F., Stampatori, C., Righetti, F., Sala, E., Tomasi, C., & De Palma, G.
- Affiliations
- Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale degli Spedali Civili di Brescia (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Mattioli, Flavia
- Venue
- Journal of Neurology
- Published
- 2021-05-01
- Volume
- 268
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 4422-4428
- ISSN
- 0012-1037 (ISSN-L)
- 0340-5354
- 1432-1459
- PMC
- PMC8088203
- OpenAlex
- W3158540423
- Cited by
- 160
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 15
- FWCI
- 17.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System (Università degli Studi di Brescia) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, neurological sequelae, cognitive impairment, long COVID, SARS-CoV-2, mild to moderate COVID-19, healthcare workers, neuropsychological assessment, anxiety, depression, stress, post-COVID-19 mental health
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Cognition, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Neuropsychological Tests
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