The effects of whey protein on myostatin and cell cycle-related gene expression responses to a single heavy resistance exercise bout in trained older men
Abstract
Myostatin decreases muscle mass and this is accomplished, in part, by inhibiting muscle satellite cell proliferation and differentiation by regulating the expression of cell cycle-related proteins (e.g. p21 and cdk2) and myogenic regulatory factors (e.g. myogenin and MyoD). The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether protein ingestion before and after a resistance exercise (RE) bout affects myostatin and cell cycle-related gene expression. Strength-trained middle-aged to older men were divided into a protein group (61.4 +/- 4.3 years, n = 9) or a placebo group (62.1 +/- 4.2 years, n = 9). Muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle were taken at rest and 1 and 48 h after a 5 x 10 repetition leg press RE bout. Protein (15 g whey) or non-caloric placebo was taken immediately before and after the RE bout. mRNA expression levels of myostatin and related genes (AcvrIIb, FLRG, p21, p27, cdk2, myogenin and MyoD) were determined by Taqman probe-based real-time RT-PCR and normalized to GAPDH mRNA. Myostatin mRNA decreased after a RE bout, but only in the placebo group (P < or = 0.05). Conversely, myostatin-binding protein FLRG and cell-cycle kinase cdk2 mRNA increased only in the protein group (P < or = 0.05). p21 mRNA was increased at 1 h post-RE in placebo (P < or = 0.05) and tended to be increased in the protein group (P = 0.08). Myostatin, its binding protein and cell cycle-related gene expressions are affected by single RE bout and these responses are further modified by whey protein intake. Therefore, controlling nutrition intake is important when studying gene expression responses to exercise.
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Increased mTOR signaling corresponds with significantly greater muscle hypertrophy after 10 weeks of training.
“it was found that the increased mTOR signaling corresponded with significantly greater muscle hypertrophy after 10 weeks of training [65].”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise (2017) · cites this paper as [65]
Hypertrophic differences between protein consumption and a non-caloric placebo appear to plateau by week 21 despite persistently greater activation of molecular signaling from supplementation.
“the hypertrophic differences between protein consumption and a non-caloric placebo appeared to plateau by week 21, despite a persistently greater activation of this molecular signaling pathway from supplementation.”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise (2017) · cites this paper as [65]
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“Moreover, it was found that the increased mTOR signaling corresponded with significantly greater muscle hypertrophy after 10 weeks of training [65].”
BackgroundInternational Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: protein and exercise
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Self-citationResistance exercise with whey protein ingestion affects mTOR signaling pathway and myostatin in men
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- Authors
- Hulmi, J. J., Kovanen, V., Lisko, I., Selänne, H., & Mero, A. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Jyväskylä (FI)
- LIKES – Foundation for Sport and Health Sciences (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Hulmi, Juha J.
- Venue
- European Journal of Applied Physiology
- Published
- 2007-10-09
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 205-213
- ISSN
- 0020-9376 (ISSN-L)
- 1439-6319
- 1439-6327
- OpenAlex
- W2071805387
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- European Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Kela
- Suomen Kulttuurirahasto
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- whey protein, myostatin, resistance training, cell cycle gene expression, CDK2, p21, p27, myogenin, MyoD, satellite cell proliferation, muscle protein synthesis, older men, vastus lateralis, sports nutrition
- MeSH terms
- Whey Proteins, Administration, Oral, Aged, Exercise Test, Physical Exertion, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Milk Proteins, Physical Endurance, Cell Cycle Proteins, Dietary Supplements, Myostatin
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