Myostatin negatively regulates satellite cell activation and self-renewal
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Satellite cells are quiescent muscle stem cells that promote postnatal muscle growth and repair. Here we show that myostatin, a TGF-β member, signals satellite cell quiescence and also negatively regulates satellite cell self-renewal. BrdU labeling in vivo revealed that, among the Myostatin-deficient satellite cells, higher numbers of satellite cells are activated as compared with wild type. In contrast, addition of Myostatin to myofiber explant cultures inhibits satellite cell activation. Cell cycle analysis confirms that Myostatin up-regulated p21, a Cdk inhibitor, and decreased the levels and activity of Cdk2 protein in satellite cells. Hence, Myostatin negatively regulates the G1 to S progression and thus maintains the quiescent status of satellite cells. Immunohistochemical analysis with CD34 antibodies indicates that there is an increased number of satellite cells per unit length of freshly isolated Mstn−/− muscle fibers. Determination of proliferation rate suggests that this elevation in satellite cell number could be due to increased self-renewal and delayed expression of the differentiation gene (myogenin) in Mstn−/− adult myoblasts. Taken together, these results suggest that Myostatin is a potent negative regulator of satellite cell activation and thus signals the quiescence of satellite cells.
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Induction of p21 could negatively regulate the G1 to S progression of satellite cells.
“The induction of p21 could negatively regulate the G1 to S progression of satellite cells19.”
From In vivo partial reprogramming of myofibers promotes muscle regeneration by remodeling the stem cell niche (2021) · cites this paper as [19]
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- Authors
- McCroskery, S., Thomas, M., Maxwell, L., Sharma, M., & Kambadur, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Auckland (NZ)
- AgResearch (NZ)
- Corresponding author
- Kambadur, Ravi
- ORCID
- Thomas, Mark
- Venue
- The Journal of Cell Biology
- Publisher
- Rockefeller University Press
- Published
- 2003-09-08
- Volume
- 162
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1135-1147
- ISSN
- 0021-9525 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-8140
- PMC
- PMC2172861
- OpenAlex
- W2048134135
- Cited by
- 784
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 54 · 2013: 54 · 2012: 48
- FWCI
- 11.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- The Journal of Cell Biology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › TGF-β signaling in diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Neurogenetic and Muscular Disorders Research
- Keywords
- myostatin, satellite cells, muscle stem cells, quiescence, self-renewal, satellite cell activation, p21, CDK2, G1/S cell cycle progression, myogenesis, myogenin, Mstn knockout mice, TGF-beta signaling
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Differentiation, Cell Division, Regeneration, Down-Regulation, Up-Regulation, G1 Phase, S Phase, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Cyclins, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Myogenin, Mice, Knockout, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Cyclin-Dependent Kinases, Antigens, CD34, Feedback, Physiological, Myoblasts, Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle, CDC2-CDC28 Kinases, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2, Mice, Myostatin
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