Resistance exercise with whey protein ingestion affects mTOR signaling pathway and myostatin in men

Hulmi, Juha J.; Tannerstedt, Jörgen; Selänne, Harri; Kainulainen, Heikki; Kovanen, Vuokko; Mero, Antti A.

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00087.2009

Cited by 163Muscle metabolism and nutritionMuscle Physiology and DisordersSports Performance and Training

Resistance exercise with whey protein ingestion affects mTOR signaling pathway and myostatin in men

Hulmi, Juha J., Tannerstedt, Jörgen, Selänne, Harri, Kainulainen, Heikki, Kovanen, Vuokko, Mero, Antti A.·2009·Journal of Applied Physiology

DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00087.2009

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Abstract

Signaling pathways sense local and systemic signals and regulate muscle hypertrophy. The effects of whey protein ingestion on acute and long-term signaling responses of resistance exercise are not well known. Previously untrained young men were randomized into protein (n = 9), placebo (n = 9), and control (n = 11) groups. Vastus lateralis (VL) muscle biopsies were taken before and 1 h and 48 h after a leg press of 5 x 10 repetitions [resistance exercise (RE)] and after 21 wk (2 times per week) of resistance training (RT). Protein (15 g of whey) or nonenergetic placebo was ingested before and after a single RE bout and each RE workout throughout the RT. The protein group increased its body mass and VL muscle thickness (measured by ultrasonography) already at week 10.5 (P < 0.05). At week 21, the protein and placebo groups had similarly increased their myofiber size. No changes were observed in the nonexercised controls. However, the phosphorylation of p70(S6K) and ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) were increased at 1 h post-RE measured by Western blotting, the former being the greatest with protein ingestion. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation was increased after the RE bout and RT only in the protein group, whereas the protein ingestion prevented the post-RE decrease in phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (p-4E-BP1). Akt phosphorylation decreased after RT, whereas no change was observed in phosphorylated eukaryotic elongation factor 2. A post-RE decrease in muscle myostatin protein occurred only in the placebo group. The results indicate that resistance exercise rapidly increases mTOR signaling and may decrease myostatin protein expression in muscle and that whey protein increases and prolongs the mTOR signaling response.

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Acute increases in mTOR signaling markers following one bout of resistance exercise are associated with muscle hypertrophy following weeks of resistance training.
“acute increases in mTOR signaling markers following one bout of resistance exercise are associated with muscle hypertrophy following weeks of resistance training (Terzis et al., 2008; Hulmi et al., 2009; Mayhew et al., 2009; Mitchell et al., 2013)”
From Skeletal Muscle Ribosome and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Response to Different Exercise Training Modalities (2021) · cites this paper as Hulmi et al., 2009

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Myostatin's marvels: From muscle regulator to diverse implications in health and disease
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Autophagy and Exercise: Current Insights and Future Research Directions
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Whey protein modifies gene expression related to protein metabolism affecting muscle weight in resistance-exercised rats
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Protein supplementation does not alter intramuscular anabolic signaling or endocrine response after resistance exercise in trained men
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Whey protein intake after resistance exercise activates mTOR signaling in a dose-dependent manner in human skeletal muscle
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Whey Protein Ingestion Activates mTOR-dependent Signalling after Resistance Exercise in Young Men: A Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial
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Molecular and hormonal responses and adaptation to resistance and protein nutrition in young and older men
Hulmi, J. J. (2009) · Jyväskylä University Digital Archive (University of Jyväskylä)
Ingestion of 10 grams of whey protein prior to a single bout of resistance exercise does not augment Akt/mTOR pathway signaling compared to carbohydrate
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The effects of whey protein on myostatin and cell cycle-related gene expression responses to a single heavy resistance exercise bout in trained older men
Hulmi, J. J., Kovanen, V., Lisko, I., Selänne, H., & Mero, A. A. (2007) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-007-0579-4 · Cited by 47 · see citing works

Authors: Hulmi, J. J., Tannerstedt, J., Selänne, H., Kainulainen, H., Kovanen, V., & Mero, A. A.
Affiliations: University of Jyväskylä (FI)
ORCID: Hulmi, Juha J.
Selänne, Harri
Kainulainen, Heikki
Kovanen, Vuokko
Venue: Journal of Applied Physiology
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Published: 2009-05
Volume: 106
Issue: 5
Pages: 1720-1729
ISSN: 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
8750-7587
1522-1601
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00087.2009
OpenAlex: W2095678778
Cited by: 163
References: 59
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 22
FWCI: 7.12
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Ellen ja Artturi Nyyssösen Säätiö
Kela
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Keywords: resistance training, mTOR signaling, myostatin, muscle hypertrophy, p70S6K phosphorylation, ribosomal protein S6, 4E-BP1, Akt phosphorylation, elongation factor 2, vastus lateralis, muscle fiber size, protein supplementation
MeSH terms: Whey Proteins, Dietary Proteins, Humans, Male, Milk Proteins, Phosphorylation, Protein Kinases, Signal Transduction, Exercise, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, Ribosomal Protein S6, Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa, Oncogene Protein v-akt, Myostatin, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases

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Resistance exercise with whey protein ingestion affects mTOR signaling pathway and myostatin in men

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