Diet supplementation with vitamin E, vitamin C and β-carotene cocktail enhances basal neutrophil antioxidant enzymes in athletes
Abstract
Exercise increases oxygen consumption and causes a disturbance of intracellular pro-oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis. Few data are available as to the cumulative effects of exercise on the antioxidant defenses of the neutrophil. We studied the effects of 90 days' supplementation with placebo or an antioxidant cocktail of vitamin E (500 mg/day) and beta-carotene (30 mg/day) and the last 15 days also with vitamin C (1 g/day) on sportsmen's basal neutrophil antioxidant defenses. We analyzed the activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and the activities and levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione and glutathione disulfide in neutrophils purified from antecubital vein blood of sportsmen before and after diet supplementation. Plasma vitamin E, beta-carotene and vitamin C concentrations in the antioxidant-supplemented group were approximately 1.6, 10, and 1.2 times higher respectively than those of the placebo group. The antioxidant-supplemented group presented a significantly higher glutathione versus glutathione disulfide ratio in neutrophils (about 20%) than the placebo one. Antioxidant supplementation enhances the antioxidant enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in neutrophils.
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In a clinical trial, a group given a cocktail of β-carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C had 1.2-1.6 times more antioxidant activity than the placebo group.
“Furthermore, a clinical trial showed that a group given a cocktail of β-carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C had 1.2–1.6 times more antioxidant activity than the placebo group147.”
Administration of β-carotene as a precursor of vitamin A prevents accumulation of pure exogenous vitamin A and its toxic effects.
“The administration of β-carotene as a precursor of vitamin A prevents the accumulation of pure exogenous vitamin A and its toxic effects145–147.”
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Diwadkar‐Navsariwala, V., & Stacewicz‐Sapuntzakis, M. (2004) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9780203507704.ch18
Bucci, L. R., & Turpin, A. (2005) · Nutrition in exercise and sport · doi:10.1201/9781420037913.ch1
Ren, J., Sun, X., Pei, H., Zhu, S., Zhang, Y., Wen, R., Zhang, X., Liu, J., & Ma, Y. (2023) · doi:10.2196/preprints.54849
- Authors
- Tauler, P., Aguiló, A., Fuentespina, E., Tur, J., & Pons, A.
- Affiliations
- Universitat de les Illes Balears (ES)
- Hospital Universitario Son Dureta (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Pons, A.
- Venue
- Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology
- Published
- 2002-03
- Volume
- 443
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 791-797
- ISSN
- 0031-6768 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-2013
- OpenAlex
- W1991414443
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 7.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Keywords
- antioxidant supplementation, vitamin E, vitamin C, beta-carotene, neutrophils, antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione, glutathione disulfide, physical activity, athletes, oxidative stress
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Antioxidants, Ascorbic Acid, Catalase, Diet, Double-Blind Method, Drug Synergism, Glutathione Peroxidase, Glutathione Reductase, Humans, Male, Neutrophils, Sports, Superoxide Dismutase, Vitamin E, Exercise, Oxidative Stress, beta Carotene, Glutathione Disulfide
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