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Oxygen-Derived Free Radicals in Postischemic Tissue Injury
Abstract
It is now clear that oxygen-derived free radicals play an important part in several models of experimentally induced reperfusion injury. Although there are certainly multiple components to clinical ischemic and reperfusion injury, it appears likely that free-radical production may make a major contribution at certain stages in the progression of the injury. The primary source of superoxide in reperfused reoxygenated tissues appears to be the enzyme xanthine oxidase, released during ischemia by a calcium-triggered proteolytic attack on xanthine dehydrogenase. Reperfused tissues are protected in a variety of laboratory models by scavengers of superoxide radicals or hydroxyl radicals or by allopurinol or other inhibitors of xanthine oxidase. Dysfunction induced by free radicals may thus be a major component of ischemic diseases of the heart, bowel, liver, kidney, and brain.
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l-citrulline supplementation can avoid the formation of detrimental high ADMA levels.
“This supplementation can avoid the formation of detrimental high ADMA levels (632).”
From Sources of Vascular Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Regulation (2019) · cites this paper as [632]
Xanthine oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid (antioxidant) accompanied by the formation of superoxide radical anion, O2·−, and hydrogen peroxide.
“Xanthine oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid (antioxidant) accompanied by the formation of superoxide radical anion, O2·−, and hydrogen peroxide (McCord 1985).”
From Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging (2023) · cites this paper as McCord 1985
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Kazmi, S. S. H., Safi, N., Berge, S. T., Kazmi, M., Sundhagen, J. O., Julien, K., Thorsby, P. M., Ånonsen, K. V., Medhus, A. W., & Hisdal, J. (2022) · Vascular Health and Risk Management · doi:10.2147/vhrm.s365625 · Cited by 7
Metadata
- Authors
- Epstein, F. H., & McCord, J. M.
- Affiliations
- University of South Alabama (US)
- Corresponding author
- McCord, Joe M.
- ORCID
- McCord, Joe M.
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 1985-01-17
- Volume
- 312
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 159-163
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2097744068
- Cited by
- 5,399
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 58 · 2018: 66 · 2017: 64 · 2016: 72 · 2015: 91 · 2014: 122 · 2013: 104 · 2012: 118
- FWCI
- 25.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Ischemia and Reperfusion
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Keywords
- oxygen free radicals, ischemia-reperfusion injury, superoxide, xanthine oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, hydroxyl radicals, superoxide scavengers, allopurinol, tissue damage
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Calcium, Coronary Disease, Free Radicals, Humans, Intestines, Ischemia, Shock, Superoxides, Transplantation, Xanthine Dehydrogenase, Xanthine Oxidase
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