Effects of high-intensity interval training on adipose tissue lipolysis, inflammation, and metabolomics in aged rats
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a time-efficient alternative to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) to improve metabolic health in older individuals. However, differences in adipose tissue metabolism between these two approaches are unclear. Here, we evaluated the effects of HIIT and MICT on metabolic phenotypes in aged rats. HIIT significantly decreased fat mass, increased percent lean mass, decreased fat-to-lean ratio, reduced serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, increased serum interleukin-10 levels, and decreased perirenal adipose tissue leptin compared with rats in the sedentary (SED) group. HIIT also increased pregnenolone, cortisol, and corticosterone in both adipose tissue and serum. Both exercise modalities enhanced hormone-sensitive lipase and adipose triglyceride lipase expression compared with the SED group and decreased palmitic acid, stearic acid, octadecadienoic acid, urea, 1-heptadecanol, and α-tocopherol. MICT was related to glycerolipid metabolism, whereas HIIT was related to steroid hormone biosynthesis. Overall, HIIT showed more favorable regulation of anti-inflammatory activity than MICT.
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Enhanced visceral fat lipolysis could meet the needs of FFA and glycerol for rigorous exercise-induced tissue repair and gluconeogenesis, explaining why HIT effectively reduced visceral fat.
“Enhanced visceral fat lipolysis could meet the needs of FFA and glycerol for rigorous exercise-induced tissue repair and gluconeogenesis, explaining why HIT effectively reduced visceral fat, consistent with data from previous studies [26, 42, 43].”
After HIIT, EPOC maintains elevated metabolic rates and fat oxidation for several hours even at rest.
“After HIIT, the body experiences an increase in excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC), which maintains elevated metabolic rates and fat oxidation levels for several hours, even in a resting state.”
From Beyond Calories: Individual Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptations Driving Variability in Weight Management—A State-of-the-Art Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [78]
HIIT creates a metabolic environment that maximizes fat oxidation, particularly after exercise.
“The intermittent nature of HIIT—short bursts of intense work followed by recovery periods—creates a metabolic environment that maximizes fat oxidation, particularly after exercise.”
From Beyond Calories: Individual Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptations Driving Variability in Weight Management—A State-of-the-Art Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [78]
HIIT significantly promotes lipolysis, making it effective for reducing body fat and improving metabolic health.
“High-intensity interval training (HIIT) significantly promotes lipolysis, making it an effective strategy for reducing body fat and improving metabolic health.”
From Beyond Calories: Individual Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptations Driving Variability in Weight Management—A State-of-the-Art Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [78]
During HIIT, catecholamine release binds to beta-adrenergic receptors on adipocytes, stimulating lipolytic enzymes like HSL.
“During HIIT, the intense bouts of activity trigger catecholamine release (epinephrine and norepinephrine), which binds to beta-adrenergic receptors on adipocytes, stimulating lipolytic enzymes like hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) [78,79].”
From Beyond Calories: Individual Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptations Driving Variability in Weight Management—A State-of-the-Art Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [78]
HIIT increases mitochondrial density and function within muscle cells, enhancing capacity to use free fatty acids, especially in individuals with previously low aerobic capacity.
“HIIT has been shown to increase mitochondrial density and function within muscle cells, enhancing the muscles’ capacity to use free fatty acids for energy, especially in individuals with previously low aerobic capacity.”
From Beyond Calories: Individual Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptations Driving Variability in Weight Management—A State-of-the-Art Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [78]
HIIT is associated with increased levels of adiponectin, further supporting its role in enhancing fat metabolism.
“Additionally, HIIT has been associated with increased levels of adiponectin, an adipokine that regulates glucose levels and fatty acid breakdown, further supporting the role of HIIT in enhancing fat metabolism.”
From Beyond Calories: Individual Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptations Driving Variability in Weight Management—A State-of-the-Art Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [78]
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- Authors
- Sun, L., Li, F.-H., Li, T., Min, Z., Yang, L.-D., Gao, H.-E., Wu, D.-S., & Xie, T.
- Affiliations
- Nanjing Normal University (CN)
- South China Normal University (CN)
- Venue
- Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology
- Published
- 2020-01-31
- Volume
- 472
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 245-258
- ISSN
- 0031-6768 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-2013
- OpenAlex
- W3004354477
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 3.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (31500961, 31971099)
- Guangdong Scientific Project (2014A020220015, 2015A020219015)
- Natural Science Fund for Colleges and Universities of Jiangsu Province (18KJB180011)
- Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
- Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (KYCX19_0774)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- high-intensity interval training, moderate-intensity continuous training, aging, adipose tissue, lipolysis, inflammation, metabolomics, hormone-sensitive lipase, adipose triglyceride lipase, steroidogenesis, cortisol, C-reactive protein, IL-10, leptin, fat mass, glycerolipid metabolism, exercise training
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Animals, Fatty Acids, Female, Lipolysis, Physical Conditioning, Animal, Steroids, Interleukin-10, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Leptin, Adiposity, Rats, Metabolome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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