Safety of imidacloprid plus moxidectin topical solution applied to cats heavily infected with adult heartworms (Dirofilaria immitis)
Abstract
A topically applied formulation containing 10% imidacloprid+1% moxidectin (Advocate/Advantage multi) has been developed for monthly application to cats for the prevention of feline heartworm (HW) disease caused by Dirofilaria immitis; and for the treatment and control of flea infestations, ear mite infestations, and intestinal nematode infections. A study model was designed to evaluate the safety of this product in cats harboring adult D. immitis infections. Eighty adult cats (40 males/40 females) were each inoculated with 60 third-stage D. immitis larvae on test day (TD) 1. On TD 243-245 echocardiographic imaging was performed on each cat to confirm and estimate the number of adult D. immitis residing in the cardiovascular system. A total of 35 cats were subsequently eligible for safety evaluation based on inclusion criteria. Four treatment groups were established and randomly selected for treatment: imidacloprid+moxidectin solution at the label dose (n=9) (group 1), imidacloprid+moxidectin solution at 5x the Iabel dose (n=9) (group 2), 6% selamectin topical solution (Revolution) at the label dose (positive control, n=8) (group 3), and topical treatment with placebo (negative control, n=9) (group 4). All cats were treated on TD 250. Treatments for groups 1, 3, and 4 were repeated on TDs 278 and 306. Group 2 cats were euthanized and examined for adult D. immitis on TD 288. All other cats were euthanized and examined for adult D. immitis on TD 334. No adverse events attributable to treatment with the test articles were observed during the study. The geometric mean numbers of adult D. immitis recovered at necropsy from treatment groups 1-4 were 2.9, 3.2., 4.0, and 2.7, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in the comparison of adult D. immitis recovered at necropsy (ANOVA overall group effect P-value of 0.5356). The results of this study demonstrate that imidacloprid+moxidectin topical solution can be used safely in cats heavily infected with adult D. immitis.
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Advocate can be used safely even in cats heavily infected with adult Dirofilaria immitis.
“and can be used safely even in cats heavily infected with adult Dirofilaria immitis (Arther et al. 2005).”
From Efficacy and safety of imidacloprid 10 %/moxidectin 1 % spot-on formulation in the treatment of feline infection by Capillaria aerophila (2012) · cites this paper as Arther et al. 2005
Cites
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Efficacy of imidacloprid for removal and control of fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) on dogs
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Self-citationBiology of experimental heartworm infections in cats
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Fourie, L. J., Kok, D. J., & Heine, J. (2003) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-003-0906-6 · Cited by 31 · cited 1× · see citing works
“A topically applied formulation containing 10% w/v imidacloprid+1% w/v moxidectin (Advocate®/Advantage multi®) has been developed for monthly application to kittens and cats for the prevention of feline heartworm (HW) disease caused by Dirofilaria immitis; and for the treatment and control of flea infestations, ear mi…”
MethodArther, R. G., Charles, S., Ciszewski, D. K., Davis, W. L., & Settje, T. S. (2005) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.04.001 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationReinemeyer, C. R., & Charles, S. D. (2003) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-003-0918-2 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
von Samson‐Himmelstjerna, G., Epe, C., Schimmel, A., & Heine, J. (2003) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-003-0907-5 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
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Self-citationDiagnosis of feline heartworm infection.
Ryan, W. G., Gross, S. J., Soll, M. D., & KNIGHT, D. H. (1995) · Cited by 14 · see citing works
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Feline asthma and heartworm disease: Clinical features, diagnostics and therapeutics
Garrity, S., Lee-Fowler, T., & Reinero, C. (2019) · Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1177/1098612x18823348 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Traversa, D., Di Cesare, A., Di Giulio, E., Castagna, G., Schaper, R., Braun, G., Lohr, B., Pampurini, F., Milillo, P., & Strube, K. (2012) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-012-3025-4 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Echocardiographic quantification of Dirofilaria immitis in experimentally infected cats
Atkins, C. E., Arther, R. G., Ciszewski, D. K., Davis, W. L., Ensley, S. M., Guity, P. S., Chopade, H., Hoss, H., & Settje, T. L. (2008) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.09.003 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationTraversa, D., Aste, G., Di Cesare, A., Paoletti, B., Di Tommaso, M., Di Giulio, E., Pampurini, F., Tunesi, C., & Boari, A. (2011) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.02.018 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Renal effects of Dirofilaria immitis in experimentally and naturally infected cats
Atkins, C. E., Vaden, S. L., Arther, R. G., Ciszewski, D. K., Davis, W. L., Ensley, S. M., & Chopade, N. H. (2011) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.01.016 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Arther, R. G., Atkins, C., Ciszewski, D. K., Davis, W. L., Ensley, S. M., & Settje, T. L.
- Affiliations
- North Carolina State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Arther, R. G.
- ORCID
- Atkins, C.
- Venue
- Parasitology Research
- Published
- 2005-10
- Volume
- 97
- Issue
- S1
- Pages
- S70-S75
- ISSN
- 0044-3255 (ISSN-L)
- 0932-0113
- 1432-1955
- OpenAlex
- W2070961430
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2021: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Parasitology Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Helminth infection and control
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Veterinary Pharmacology and Anesthesia
- Keywords
- id, moxidectin, topical solution, feline heartworm disease, Dirofilaria immitis, cats, drug safety, adverse events, selamectin, third-stage larvae, echocardiography, dose escalation, intestinal nematodes
- MeSH terms
- Neonicotinoids, Animals, Anthelmintics, Cat Diseases, Cats, Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilariasis, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Imidazoles, Ivermectin, Male, Nitro Compounds, Macrolides
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