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Cited by 14Cancer survivorship and careAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesChildhood Cancer Survivors' Quality of Life

Assessing anxiety in Black men with prostate cancer: further data on the reliability and validity of the Memorial Anxiety Scale for Prostate Cancer (MAX-PC)

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Nelson, Christian J., Starr, Tatiana D., Macchia, Richard J., Hyacinthe, Llewellyn, Friedman, Steven, Roth, Andrew J.·2016·Supportive Care in Cancer
DOI 10.1007/s00520-016-3092-7PMC PMC4879077
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Abstract

Purpose The National Cancer Institute has highlighted the need for psychosocial research to focus on Black cancer patients. This applies to Black men with prostate cancer, as there is little systematic research concerning psychological distress in these men. This study was designed to validate the Memorial Anxiety Scale for Prostate Cancer (MAX-PC) in Black men with prostate cancer to help facilitate research within this group. Methods At three institutions, Black men with prostate cancer (n = 101) completed the MAX-PC, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) Quality of Life Questionnaire, and the Distress Thermometer. Results The average age of the 101 men was 66 (SD = 10) and 58 % had early-stage disease. The MAX-PC and its subscales (Prostate Cancer Anxiety, PSA Anxiety, and Fear of Recurrence) produced strong coefficient alphas (0.89, 0.88, 0.71, and 0.77, respectively). Factor analysis supported the three-factor structure of the scale established in earlier findings. The MAX-PC also demonstrated strong validity. MAX-PC total scores correlated highly with the Anxiety subscale of the HADS (r = 0.59, p < 0.01) and the FACT Emotional Well-Being subscale (r = -0.55, p < 0.01). Demonstrating discriminant validity, the correlation with the HADS Depression subscale (r = 0.40, p < 0.01) and the CES-D (r = 0.42, p < 0.01) was lower compared to that with the HADS Anxiety subscale. Conclusions The MAX-PC is valid and reliable in Black men with prostate cancer. We hope the validation of this scale in Black men will help facilitate psychosocial research in this group that is disproportionately adversely affected by this cancer.

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  • At baseline, there was no difference in MAX-PC scores between NHW and black men.

    “At baseline, there was no difference in MAX-PC scores between NHW and black men, and scores were similar to those reported in other samples of APC [19].”

    From Brief report of a tablet-delivered psychosocial intervention for men with advanced prostate cancer: Acceptability and efficacy by race (2019) · cites this paper as [19]

    The Discussion (page unavailable) says prior studies found anxiety in Black men was no higher than in White men, and compares this Black sample with earlier, primarily White validation samples. But it also says this study had no non-Black control group, so it cannot establish that NHW and Black men had no difference in baseline MAX-PC scores. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • We used a measure validated specifically with black and APC patients to assess preliminary efficacy, increasing the validity of our findings.

    “We also used a measure validated specifically with black and APC patients to assess preliminary efficacy, increasing the validity of our findings.”

    From Brief report of a tablet-delivered psychosocial intervention for men with advanced prostate cancer: Acceptability and efficacy by race (2019) · cites this paper as [19]

    The Discussion reports that the MAX-PC was reliable and valid in a sample of Black men with prostate cancer. The Methods (Participants) say the sample included both early- and late-stage disease, but the paper does not establish validation specifically for advanced prostate cancer patients as a separate group. The statement that using the measure increased the citing study’s validity is the citing authors’ own conclusion. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The MAX-PC has been validated with black and APC patients.

    “The 18-item Memorial Anxiety Scale for PC (MAX-PC) assesses PC-related anxiety [18] and has been validated with black and APC patients [19,20].”

    From Brief report of a tablet-delivered psychosocial intervention for men with advanced prostate cancer: Acceptability and efficacy by race (2019) · cites this paper as [19]

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Authors
Nelson, C. J., Starr, T. D., Macchia, R. J., Hyacinthe, L., Friedman, S., & Roth, A. J.
Affiliations
  • Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
  • Cleveland Clinic (US)
  • Kings County Hospital Center (US)
  • SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University (US)
Corresponding author
Nelson, Christian J.
ORCID
Venue
Supportive Care in Cancer
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2016-02-04
Volume
24
Issue
7
Pages
2905-11
ISSN
  • 0941-4355 (ISSN-L)
  • 1433-7339
DOI
10.1007/s00520-016-3092-7
PMC
PMC4879077
OpenAlex
W2267860100
Cited by
14
References
7
Citations by year
2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1
FWCI
0.90
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Supportive Care in Cancer (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
T.J. Martell Foundation
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Childhood Cancer Survivors' Quality of Life
Keywords
prostate cancer, anxiety, Black men, scale validation, psychometric properties, fear of recurrence, psychological distress, psychosocial outcomes, racial disparities in cancer care
MeSH terms
Aged, Anxiety, Black or African American, Humans, Male, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Prostatic Neoplasms, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reproducibility of Results

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