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Cited by 229Cancer survivorship and careAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesChildhood Cancer Survivors' Quality of Life

The Memorial Anxiety Scale for Prostate Cancer: Validation of a new scale to measure anxiety in men with prostate cancer

Open access
Roth, Andrew J., Rosenfeld, Barry, Kornblith, Alice B., Gibson, Christopher, Scher, Howard I., Curley‐Smart, Tracy, Holland, Jimmie C., Breitbart, William·2003·Cancer
DOI 10.1002/cncr.11386
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The psychological difficulties facing men with prostate cancer are acknowledged widely, yet identifying men who may benefit from mental health treatment has proven to be a challenging task. The authors developed the Memorial Anxiety Scale for Prostate Cancer (MAX‐PC) to facilitate the identification and assessment of men with prostate cancer‐related anxiety. This scale consists of three subscales that measure general prostate cancer anxiety, anxiety related to prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels in particular, and fear of recurrence. METHODS: Ambulatory men with prostate cancer ( n = 385 patients) were recruited from clinics throughout the United States. Prior to routine PSA tests, participants completed a baseline assessment packet that included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; the Distress Thermometer; the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Scale, Prostate Module; and measures of role functioning, sleep, and urinary functioning. PSA values from the last three tests also were collected. Follow‐up evaluation was completed within 2 weeks after patients learned of their PSA test result using a subset of these scales. RESULTS: Analysis of the MAX‐PC revealed a high degree of internal consistency and test‐retest reliability for the total score and for the three subscales, although reliability was somewhat weaker for the PSA Anxiety Scale. Concurrent validity was demonstrated by correlations between the MAX‐PC and measures of anxiety. Overall changes in PSA levels were correlated only modestly with changes in MAX‐PC scores (correlation coefficient, 0.13; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The MAX‐PC appears to be a valid and reliable measure of anxiety in men with prostate cancer receiving ambulatory care. Cancer 2003;97:2910–8. © 2003 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.11386

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  • Patient reported outcomes measures have all demonstrated adequate psychometric properties.

    “Patient reported outcomes measures have all demonstrated adequate psychometric properties and were administered at all time points.”

    From Implementation Readiness and Initial Effects of a Brief Mindfulness Audio Intervention Compared With a Brief Music Control During Daily Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer: A Randomized Pilot Study. (2024) · cites this paper as [37]

    The Discussion (page not available) reports high reliability and concurrent and discriminant validity for the MAX-PC, supporting the claim for that measure. The paper does not establish that all patient-reported outcome measures had adequate psychometric properties. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Megace has been found helpful for hot flashes.

    “Megace, a synthetic, antineoplastic and progestational drug., has also been found to be helpful [51].”

    From Prostate cancer: Psychosocial implications and management (2008) · cites this paper as [51]

    The paper mentions hot flashes as a source of distress in men with prostate cancer, but does not say Megace helps treat them. A reference lists a report about sertraline relieving hot flashes; searches for Megace, megestrol acetate, and hot-flash treatment found no supporting passage. The indexed copy provides no page numbers for these passages. (LLM, conf=0.76)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Research works printed but not linked: 6

  1. [2]2. Roth A, Scher H. Genitourinary malignancies. In Holland JC, editor. Psycho-oncology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998:39 -358.
  2. [13]13. da Silva FC, Reis E, Costa T, et al. Quality of life in patients with prostate cancer. Cancer. 1993;71:1138 -1142.
  3. [14]14. Roth A, Scher H. Brief report: sertraline relieves hot flashes secondary to medical castration as a treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Psychooncology. 1998;7:129 -132.
  4. [20]20. Gray RE, Fitch M, Phillips C, et al. To tell or not to tell: patterns of disclosure among men with prostate cancer. Psychooncology. 2000;9:273-282.
  5. [21]21. Roth A, Passik S. Anxiety in men with prostate cancer may interfere with effective management of the disease. Primary Care Cancer. 1996;16:30.
  6. [34]34. Holland JC, Herndon J, Kornblith AB, et al. A sociodemo- graphic data collection model for cooperative clinical trials. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol. 1992;11:157.

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Authors
Roth, A. J., Rosenfeld, B., Kornblith, A. B., Gibson, C., Scher, H. I., Curley‐Smart, T., Holland, J. C., & Breitbart, W.
Affiliations
  • Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
  • Fordham University (US)
  • Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (US)
Corresponding author
Roth, Andrew J.
ORCID
Venue
Cancer
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2003-05-19
Volume
97
Issue
11
Pages
2910-2918
ISSN
  • 0008-543X (ISSN-L)
  • 1097-0142
DOI
10.1002/cncr.11386
OpenAlex
W2037331044
Cited by
229
References
32
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 12
FWCI
2.09
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Cancer (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
PepsiCo
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Childhood Cancer Survivors' Quality of Life
Keywords
prostate cancer, anxiety, prostate-specific antigen, fear of recurrence, anxiety assessment scales, psychometric validation, scale reliability, scale validity, men's mental health
MeSH terms
Anxiety, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Manifest Anxiety Scale, Prostatic Neoplasms, Prostate-Specific Antigen

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