Predicting fat-free mass in children using bioimpedance analysis
Abstract
Body composition assessment is a useful procedure for the study of nutritional status and water distribution. In adults, it is a predictor of morbidity and mortality, since body fatness is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) is a simple, safe, and inexpensive method for assessment of body composition both in pediatric and adult subjects. The aim of our study was to validate the impedance index, ZI (H(2)/Z, height in cm(2)/impedance), as a predictor factor of fatfree mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) in a sample ( n=75) of normal children. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was chosen as reference method. Despite some minor bias, DXAis considerably less expensive and easier to administer in pediatric subjects than other established gold standard reference methods for assessing body composition. ZI values were highly correlated with FFM measured with DXA. The following equations were obtained from the regression analysis: (a). male subjects, FFM(DXA)=0.6375 (ZI)+5.9913, r(2)=0.897, p<0.0001; (b). female subjects, FFM(DXA)=0.7597 (ZI)+ 3.5853, r(2)=0.903, p<0.0001. These data support the notion that BIA alone can be used as a surrogate to measure FFM in a pediatric sample.
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Out of the 19 equations for under 18 years old, seven were developed using segmental technology.
“Out of the 19 equations, 12 were developed using foot to hand technology [37, 55, 58, 59, 72, 73, 75, 76, 100] and seven equations were developed using segmental technology [43–45, 57, 74].”
From High-standard predictive equations for estimating body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [57]
Considering segmental technology for under 18 years old, five equations are available for estimating FFM in both sexes.
“Considering segmental technology, five equations are available for estimating FFM in both sexes [43–45, 57, 74].”
From High-standard predictive equations for estimating body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [57]
Four predictive equations for under 18 years old were developed with multifrequency devices but at the frequency of 50 kHz.
“All 19 equations were developed at a single frequency of 50 kHz, although four predictive equations were developed with multifrequency devices but at the frequency of 50 kHz [43, 44, 57].”
From High-standard predictive equations for estimating body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [57]
The remaining 12 studies on subjects under 18 years old were performed in different countries around the world and included both sexes.
“Two of these studies were conducted in the USA, where no female participants were involved [55, 76], while the remaining 12 studies were performed in different countries around the world with both sexes included [37, 43–45, 57–59, 72–75, 100].”
From High-standard predictive equations for estimating body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [57]
Regarding segmental technology for under 18 years old, five equations are suitable for both sexes.
“Regarding segmental technology, five are suitable for both sexes [43–45, 57, 74].”
From High-standard predictive equations for estimating body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [57]
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- Authors
- Pietrobelli, A., Andreoli, A., Cervelli, V., Carbonelli, M. G., Peroni, D. G., & De Lorenzo, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Verona (IT)
- University of Rome Tor Vergata (IT)
- Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo-Forlanini (IT)
- Venue
- Acta Diabetologica
- Published
- 2003-10
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- S1
- Pages
- s212-s215
- ISSN
- 0940-5429 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-5233
- OpenAlex
- W2065344770
- Cited by
- 73
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 0.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Acta Diabetologica (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa) (submittedVersion)
- Cineca Institutional Research Information System (Tor Vergata University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography
- Keywords
- fat-free mass, bioelectrical impedance analysis, children, body composition, impedance index, fat mass, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, validation, regression equations, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Body Composition, Body Height, Body Weight, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Reference Values, Absorptiometry, Photon, Body Mass Index, Electric Impedance
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