Prediction of fat‐free body mass from bioelectrical impedance among 9‐ to 11‐year‐old Swedish children
Abstract
Aim: Predictive equations for estimating body composition from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) among Scandinavian children are lacking. In the present study, equations for estimation of fat‐free body mass (FFM) and lean tissue mass (LTM) were developed and cross‐validated from BIA using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) as the reference measurement of body composition. Methods: The study population consisted of 49 girls and 52 boys aged 9–11 years from Malmö, Sweden. Bioelectrical impedance was measured between hand and foot at 50 kHz. Predictive equations were developed by multiple linear regression and cross‐validated against DXA measurements of body composition. Results: FFM was predicted from BIA and anthropometric variables with an adjusted R 2 = 0.95 and root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.84 kg, and LTM was predicted with an adjusted R 2 = 0.95 and RMSE = 0.87 kg. Cross‐validation revealed a mean RMSE = 0.95 kg FFM and a mean RMSE = 0.96 kg LTM. Prediction of body composition from equations developed in previous literature was mixed when applied to the present cohort of children. Conclusions: FFM and LTM are predicted with sufficient accuracy at the population level. We recommend that the predictive equations developed in the present study are used in prepubescent European children aged 9–11 years only in order to minimize confounding of results because of possible differences in population samples.
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Concerning foot-to-hand technology for under 18 years old, eight equations are suitable for both sexes.
“Concerning foot-to-hand technology, four equations are suitable only for females [55, 76], while eight are suitable for both sexes [37, 58, 59, 72, 73, 75, 100].”
From High-standard predictive equations for estimating body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [59]
The remaining 12 studies on subjects under 18 years old were performed in different countries around the world and included both sexes.
“Two of these studies were conducted in the USA, where no female participants were involved [55, 76], while the remaining 12 studies were performed in different countries around the world with both sexes included [37, 43–45, 57–59, 72–75, 100].”
From High-standard predictive equations for estimating body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [59]
Concerning foot-to-hand technology for under 18 years old, two equations were found for estimating FFM in both sexes.
“Concerning foot-to-hand technology, four equations were found for estimating FFM in females only [55, 76] and two for both sexes [59, 73].”
From High-standard predictive equations for estimating body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [59]
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BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialValidity of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis to Estimation Fat-Free Mass in the Army Cadets
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“However, it is important that the techniques for body composition assessment that are used have been validated for the target population (37, 54, 55).”
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- Authors
- Nielsen, B. M., Dencker, M., Ward, L., Linden, C., Thorsson, O., Karlsson, M. K., & Heitmann, B. L.
- Affiliations
- Copenhagen University Hospital (DK)
- Lund University (SE)
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Nielsen, B. M
- Venue
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-08-18
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 521-539
- ISSN
- 1462-8902 (ISSN-L)
- 1463-1326
- OpenAlex
- W194852025
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography
- Keywords
- fat-free mass, lean body mass, bioelectrical impedance analysis, body composition, prediction equations, children, prepubertal children, anthropometric variables, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, cross-validation
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Adolescent, Body Composition, Body Weight, Bone and Bones, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Regression Analysis, Sex Characteristics, Sweden, Absorptiometry, Photon, Electric Impedance
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