Cited by 99Immune Response and Inflammationinterferon and immune responsesNeutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms

Activation of toll-like receptor signaling pathways leading to nitric oxide-mediated antiviral responses

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Abdul-Cader, Mohamed Sarjoon, Amarasinghe, Aruna, Abdul-Careem, Mohamed Faizal·2016·Archives of Virology

Abstract

Toll-like receptors (TLRs), well-characterized pattern-recognizing receptors of the innate arm of the immune system, are vital in detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). The TLR-PAMP interaction initiates an intracellular signaling cascade, predominantly culminating in upregulation of antiviral components, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). After activation, various TLR pathways can promote iNOS production via the myeloid differentiation primary response-88 (MyD-88) adapter protein. Subsequently, iNOS facilitates production of nitric oxide (NO), a highly reactive and potent antiviral molecule that can inhibit replication of RNA and DNA viruses. Furthermore, NO can diffuse freely across cell membranes and elicit antiviral mechanisms in various ways, including direct and indirect damage to viral genomes. This review emphasizes current knowledge of NO-mediated antiviral responses elicited after activation of TLR signaling pathways.

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  • Most of these viruses cause induction of iNOS via Toll-like receptor-3.

    “Most of these viruses cause the induction of iNOS via the Toll-like receptor-3 [134].”

    From The Role of Reactive Species on Innate Immunity (2022) · cites this paper as [134]

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Authors
Abdul-Cader, M. S., Amarasinghe, A., & Abdul-Careem, M. F.
Affiliations
University of Calgary (CA)
Corresponding author
  • Abdul-Cader, Mohamed Sarjoon
  • Abdul-Careem, Mohamed Faizal
Venue
Archives of Virology
Published
2016-05-27
Volume
161
Issue
8
Pages
2075-2086
ISSN
  • 0003-9012 (ISSN-L)
  • 0304-8608
  • 1432-8798
OpenAlex
W2396670243
Cited by
99
References
153
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 3
FWCI
0.74
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Archives of Virology (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Margaret Gunn Endowment for Animal Research, University of Calgary, Canada (10007898)
  • Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (10009962)
  • Saskatchewan Agriculture Ministry, Canada (10010719)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › interferon and immune responses
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
Keywords
Toll-like receptors, nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, antiviral innate immunity, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, TLR signaling pathways, viral replication inhibition, RNA viruses, DNA viruses
MeSH terms
Animals, DNA Viruses, Humans, Nitric Oxide, RNA Viruses, Virus Diseases, Signal Transduction, Toll-Like Receptors

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