Cited by 2,667Immune Response and InflammationNF-κB Signaling PathwaysInflammasome and immune disorders

The family of five: TIR-domain-containing adaptors in Toll-like receptor signalling

O'Neill, Luke A. J., Bowie, Andrew G.·2007·Nature Reviews Immunology

Abstract

Signalling by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) involves five adaptor proteins known as MyD88, MAL, TRIF, TRAM and SARM. Recent insights have revealed additional functions for MyD88 apart from NF-kappaB activation, including activation of the transcription factors IRF1, IRF5 and IRF7, and also a role outside the TLRs in interferon-gamma signalling. Biochemical information on MAL and TRAM has shown that both act as bridging adaptors, with MAL recruiting MyD88 to TLR2 and TLR4, and TRAM recruiting TRIF to TLR4 to allow for IRF3 activation. Finally, the function of the fifth adaptor, SARM, has been revealed, which negatively regulates TRIF. These new insights allow for a detailed description of the function of the five TIR-domain-containing adaptors in the initiation of TLR signalling.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/nri2079

Cites

2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • TLR4 activates multiple intracellular signaling pathways leading to transcription of genes, such as iNOS and IL-1β.

    “TLR4 activates multi-ple intracellular signaling pathways leading to transcription of genes, such as iNOS and IL-1␤ (O'Neill and Bowie, 2007).”

    From Neurotoxic Activation of Microglia Is Promoted by a Nox1-Dependent NADPH Oxidase (2008) · cites this paper as O'Neill and Bowie, 2007

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
O'Neill, L. A. J., & Bowie, A. G.
Affiliations
Trinity College Dublin (IE)
Venue
Nature Reviews Immunology
Published
2007-05
Volume
7
Issue
5
Pages
353-364
ISSN
  • 1474-1733 (ISSN-L)
  • 1474-1741
OpenAlex
W2115185894
Cited by
2,667
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 60 · 2025: 84 · 2024: 113 · 2023: 97 · 2022: 125 · 2021: 116 · 2020: 127 · 2019: 114 · 2018: 137 · 2017: 129 · 2016: 138 · 2015: 117 · 2014: 160 · 2013: 197 · 2012: 180
FWCI
15.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Nature reviews. Immunology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Health Research Board
  • Science Foundation Ireland
  • Irish Research Council
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › NF-κB Signaling Pathways
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
Keywords
Toll-like receptor signaling, MyD88, MAL, TRIF, tram, selective androgen receptor modulators, IRF3 activation, IRF7, IRF5, interferon-gamma signaling, NF-κB activation, TLR4, TLR2, signal transduction
MeSH terms
Animals, Cytoskeletal Proteins, Humans, Signal Transduction, Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Armadillo Domain Proteins, Toll-Like Receptors, Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review