Cited by 255Amino Acid Enzymes and MetabolismCancer, Hypoxia, and MetabolismPolyamine Metabolism and Applications

The metabolism of proline, a stress substrate, modulates carcinogenic pathways

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Phang, James M., Donald, Steven P., Pandhare, Jui, Liu, Yongmin·2008·Amino Acids

Abstract

The resurgence of interest in tumor metabolism has led investigators to emphasize the metabolism of proline as a "stress substrate" and to suggest this pathway as a potential anti-tumor target. Proline oxidase, a.k.a. proline dehydrogenase (POX/PRODH), catalyzes the first step in proline degradation and uses proline to generate ATP for survival or reactive oxygen species for programmed cell death. POX/PRODH is induced by p53 under genotoxic stress and initiates apoptosis by both mitochondrial and death receptor pathways. Furthermore, POX/PRODH is induced by PPARgamma and its pharmacologic ligands, the thiazolidinediones. The anti-tumor effects of PPARgamma may be critically dependent on POX/PRODH. In addition, it is upregulated by nutrient stress through the mTOR pathway to maintain ATP levels. We propose that proline is made available as a stress substrate by the degradation of collagen in the microenvironmental extracellular matrix by matrix metalloproteinases. In a manner analogous to autophagy, this proline-dependent process for bioenergetics from collagen in extracellular matrix can be designated "ecophagy".

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  • c-myc-orchestrated remodeling of non-essential amino acid metabolism involves proline metabolism.

    “In addition to its effects on glutamine metabolism, c-myc-orchestrated remodeling of non-essential amino acid metabolism involves the metabolism of proline (Phang et al., 2008).”

    From The emerging hallmarks of cancer metabolism (2016) · cites this paper as Phang et al., 2008

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Authors
Phang, J. M., Donald, S. P., Pandhare, J., & Liu, Y.
Affiliations
  • Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (US)
  • National Cancer Institute (US)
  • Science Applications International Corporation (United States) (US)
Corresponding author
Phang, James M.
Venue
Amino Acids
Published
2008-04-10
Volume
35
Issue
4
Pages
681-690
ISSN
  • 0939-4451 (ISSN-L)
  • 1438-2199
OpenAlex
W1986586503
Cited by
252
References
60
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 11
FWCI
1.35
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Amino Acids (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (n01co12400-79-0-22)
  • National Cancer Institute (N01CO12400)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Polyamine Metabolism and Applications
Keywords
proline metabolism, proline oxidase, proline dehydrogenase, cancer metabolism, p53, apoptosis, PPARγ, thiazolidinediones, mTOR, nutritional stress, collagen degradation, matrix metalloproteinases, extracellular matrix, reactive oxygen species, carcinogenesis
MeSH terms
Adenosine Triphosphate, Autophagy, Catalysis, Ligands, Models, Biological, Neoplasms, Proline, Proline Oxidase, Protein Kinases, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53, Apoptosis, Thiazolidinediones, PPAR delta, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases

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