Gastrointestinal interaction between dietary amino acids and gut microbiota: with special emphasis on host nutrition
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of humans and animals is host to a complex community of different microorganisms whose activities significantly influence host nutrition and health through enhanced metabolic capabilities, protection against pathogens, and regulation of the gastrointestinal development and immune system. New molecular technologies and concepts have revealed distinct interactions between the gut microbiota and dietary amino acids (AAs) especially in relation to AA metabolism and utilization in resident bacteria in the digestive tract, and these interactions may play significant roles in host nutrition and health as well as the efficiency of dietary AA supplementation. After the protein is digested and AAs and peptides are absorbed in the small intestine, significant levels of endogenous and exogenous nitrogenous compounds enter the large intestine through the ileocaecal junction. Once they move in the colonic lumen, these compounds are not markedly absorbed by the large intestinal mucosa, but undergo intense proteolysis by colonic microbiota leading to the release of peptides and AAs and result in the production of numerous bacterial metabolites such as ammonia, amines, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs), hydrogen sulfide, organic acids, and phenols. These metabolites influence various signaling pathways in epithelial cells, regulate the mucosal immune system in the host, and modulate gene expression of bacteria which results in the synthesis of enzymes associated with AA metabolism. This review aims to summarize the current literature relating to how the interactions between dietary amino acids and gut microbiota may promote host nutrition and health.
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Microbial-derived BCFAs, isovalerate, and isobutyrate have been linked to epithelial physiology and the mucosal immune system.
“Microbial-derived BCFAs, isovalerate, and isobutyrate have been linked to epithelial physiology and the mucosal immune system (380, 382, 383).”
From Diet and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health (2021) · cites this paper as [383]
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The probiotic potential of microorganism strains: A comprehensive study
Frolova, A. S., Vesnina, A. D., Fedorova, A., Остапова, Е. В., Петрович, Ю. В., & Milentyeva, I. (2026) · Foods and raw materials · doi:10.21603/2308-4057-2027-2-724
Preclinical Insights into the Antifibrotic Potential of Butyrate.
Zhang, Q.-Y., Li, K., Wu, M.-Y., Gao, H.-Y., Ding, X.-Y., Han, R., & Xiao, W.-H. (2026) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2026.103413
- Authors
- Abdallah, A., Elemba, E., Zhong, Q., & Sun, Z.
- Affiliations
- Jilin Agricultural University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Zhong, Qingzhen
- Sun, Zewei
- Venue
- Current Protein & Peptide Science
- Publisher
- Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
- Published
- 2020-11-09
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 785-798
- ISSN
- 1389-2037 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3006139946
- Cited by
- 59
- References
- 157
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 0.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Protein and Peptide Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Key R & D Program (2016YFD0501209-03)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (31772608)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Keywords
- dietary amino acids, gut microbiota, host nutrition, bacterial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, branched-chain fatty acids, hydrogen sulfide, mucosal immunity, amino acid metabolism, amino acid supplementation, host-microbe interactions
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Amino Acids, Ammonia, Animals, Animal Feed, Biological Transport, Carboxylic Acids, Carrier Proteins, Dietary Proteins, Fatty Acids, Volatile, Humans, Hydrogen Sulfide, Intestinal Absorption, Intestinal Mucosa, Oligopeptides, Phenols, Probiotics
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