The DOI matches its Crossref record; 65 of the 65 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Guanidinoacetic acid as a performance-enhancing agent
Abstract
Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA; also known as glycocyamine or guanidinoacetate) is the natural precursor of creatine, and under investigation as a novel dietary agent. It was first identified as a natural compound in humans ~80 years ago. In the 1950s, GAA's use as a therapeutic agent was explored, showing that supplemental GAA improved patient-reported outcomes and work capacity in clinical populations. Recently, a few studies have examined the safety and efficacy of GAA and suggest potential ergogenic benefits for physically active men and women. The purpose of this review is to examine possible applications of GAA supplementation for exercise performance enhancement, safety, and legislation issues.
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“Since creatine uptake by the brain is slow and limited, current research is investigating whether dietary supplementation of creatine precursors like GAA may promote greater increases in brain creatine [226, 227].”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine (2017) · cites this paper as [226]
Citations
Cites
Creatine and Creatinine Metabolism
Wyss, M., & Kaddurah-Daouk, R. (2000) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.2000.80.3.1107 · Cited by 2,950
Homocysteine and Cardiovascular Disease
Refsum, H., Ueland, P. M., Nygård, O., & Vollset, S. E. (1998) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev.med.49.1.31 · Cited by 2,180
The creatine kinase system and pleiotropic effects of creatine
Wallimann, T., Tokarska-Schlattner, M., & Schlattner, U. (2011) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-011-0877-3 · Cited by 797
Creatine: Biosynthesis, Regulation, and Function
Walker, J. B. (1979) · Advances in Enzymology - and Related Areas of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1002/9780470122952.ch4 · Cited by 496
Advances in protein–amino acid nutrition of poultry
Baker, D. H. (2009) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-008-0198-3 · Cited by 338
Homocysteine and Alzheimer's disease
Morris, M. S. (2003) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(03)00438-1 · Cited by 332
Homocysteine and Alzheimer's disease
LEBOEUF, R. (2003) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(03)00032-4 · Cited by 321
Endogenous synthesis and transport of creatine in the rat brain: an in situ hybridization study
Braissant, O., Henry, H., Loup, M. D. S., Eilers, B., & Bachmann, C. (2001) · Molecular Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0169-328x(00)00269-2 · Cited by 239
Michiels, J., Maertens, L., Buyse, J., Lemme, A., Rademacher, M., Dierick, N. A., & SMET, S. D. (2012) · Poultry Science · doi:10.3382/ps.2011-01585 · Cited by 195
Stead, L. M., Au, K. P., Jacobs, R. L., Brosnan, M. E., & Brosnan, J. T. (2001) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.2001.281.5.e1095 · Cited by 192
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- European Food Safety Authority (2009) Safety and efficacy of guanidinoacetic acid as feed additive for chickens for fattening. EFSA J 988:1–30
- Lemme A, Tossenberger J, Ringel J (2007) Digestibility and availability of the creatine source guanidinoacetic acid in broilers. Poult Sci 86(Suppl 1):153
- Ostojic SM, Hoffman JR, Stojanovic M, Drid P (2015a) 28-day GAA supplementation improves clinical outcomes in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Med Sci Sport Exerc 48(5):S47
- Ringel J, Lemme A, Redshaw MS, Damme K (2008) The effects of supplemental guanidino acetic acid as a precursor of creatine in vegetable broiler diets on performance and carcass parameters. Poult Sci 87(Suppl 1):72
Cited by
Kreider, R. B., Kalman, D. S., Antonio, J., Ziegenfuss, T. N., Wildman, R., Collins, R., Candow, D. G., Kleiner, S. M., Almada, A. L., & Lopez, H. L. (2017) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-017-0173-z · Cited by 1,057
“Since creatine uptake by the brain is slow and limited, current research is investigating whether dietary supplementation of creatine precursors like GAA may promote greater increases in brain creatine [226, 227].”
BackgroundThe chemistry and biology of guanidine natural products
Berlinck, R. G. S., & Romminger, S. (2015) · Natural Product Reports · doi:10.1039/c5np00108k · Cited by 130
The chemistry and biology of guanidine natural products
Berlinck, R. G. S., Bertonha, A. F., Takaki, M., & Rodríguez, J. P. G. (2017) · Natural Product Reports · doi:10.1039/c7np00037e · Cited by 82
Amiri, M., Ghasemi, H. A., Hajkhodadadi, I., & Farahani, A. H. K. (2019) · Animal Feed Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114208 · Cited by 67
Li, J., Zhang, L., Fu, Y., Li, Y., Jiang, Y., Zhou, G., & Gao, F. (2018) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02534 · Cited by 66
Metadata
- Authors
- Ostojic, S. M.
- Venue
- Amino Acids
- Published
- 2015-10-07
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1867-1875
- ISSN
- 0939-4451 (ISSN-L)
- 1438-2199
- OpenAlex
- W1835122042
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 0.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Amino Acids (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Serbian Ministry of Science (175037)
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education (2015 Annual Award)
- AlzChem AG, Trostberg, Germany
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Biochemical effects in animals
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- guanidinoacetic acid, glycocyamine, creatine precursor, dietary supplementation, ergogenic aids, exercise performance, work capacity, supplement safety, supplement regulation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Female, Glycine, Humans, Male, Dietary Supplements, Performance-Enhancing Substances
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
