The influence of general anxiety and childbirth-specific anxiety on birth outcome
Abstract
In the present study, we examined a German sample to determine whether anxiety symptoms during pregnancy had an impact on the duration and method of childbirth. Data of N = 88 women recruited at the Heidelberg University Hospital were used in the analyses. Prepartum anxiety symptoms were assessed with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI, general anxiety) and the Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionnaire (PRAQ-R, pregnancy-specific anxiety). Obstetric outcome was taken from birth records and operationalized by two parameters: the total duration of birth (dilation and fetal expulsion) and the incidence of pregnancy or birth-related interventions (ventouse, planned, and unplanned Cesarean section). The data show that childbirth-specific anxiety assessed by the PRAQ-R is an important predictor of total birth duration. In contrast, general anxiety measured by the STAI had no effect. The incidence of birth intervention was explained by parity. Anxiety, however, had no predictive value. In addition to medical factors, childbirth-specific anxiety during pregnancy plays an important role in the process of childbirth. The findings of the present study point to the need of implementing psychological interventions to reduce childbirth-specific anxiety and thereby positively influencing birth outcome.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Previous research suggests that FOB during pregnancy might be positively correlated with the experience of pain during childbirth, longer birth duration, and a more negative rating of the overall birth experience.
“Although findings are not coherent [62], previous research suggests that FOB during pregnancy might be positively correlated with the experience of pain during childbirth [63,64], longer birth duration [65-67], and a more negative rating of the overall birth experience [4,5].”
From Comparing internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with standard care for women with fear of birth: Randomized controlled trial (2018) · cites this paper as [66]
Cites
(1970) · Cited by 24,983 · see citing works
Van den Bergh, B. R. H., Mulder, E. J. H., Mennes, M., & Glover, V. (2005) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.10.007 · Cited by 1,104 · see citing works
Psychiatric Disorders in Pregnant and Postpartum Women in the United States
Vesga-López, O., Blanco, C., Keyes, K., Olfson, M., Grant, B. F., & Hasin, D. S. (2008) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.65.7.805 · Cited by 1,065 · see citing works
Alder, J., Fink, N., Bitzer, J., Hösli, I., & Holzgreve, W. (2007) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767050701209560 · Cited by 872 · see citing works
Epidural versus non-epidural or no analgesia in labour
Anim-Somuah, M., Smyth, R. M., & Jones, L. (2011) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000331.pub3 · Cited by 855 · see citing works
Wïttchen, H., Wunderlich, U., Gruschwitz, S., & Zaudig, M. (1997) · Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics · Cited by 769 · see citing works
Das State-Trait-Angstinventar (STAI) : theoretische Grundlagen und Handanweisung
Laux, L. (1981) · Beltz eBooks · Cited by 750 · see citing works
Is pregnancy anxiety a distinctive syndrome?
Huizink, A. C., Mulder, E. J. H., Robles de Medina, P. G., Visser, G. H. A., & Buitelaar, J. K. (2004) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2004.04.014 · Cited by 582 · see citing works
Teixeira, J. M. A., Fisk, N. M., & Glover, V. (1999) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.318.7177.153 · Cited by 526 · see citing works
Maternal anxiety during the transition to parenthood: A prospective study
Grant, K., McMahon, C. A., & Austin, M. (2007) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.10.002 · Cited by 467 · see citing works
Fear of childbirth: a neglected dilemma
Saisto, T., & Halmesmäki, E. (2003) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0412.2003.00114.x · Cited by 461 · see citing works
Prenatal Anxiety Predicts Individual Differences in Cortisol in Pre-Adolescent Children
O’Connor, T. G., Ben‐Shlomo, Y., Heron, J., Golding, J., Adams, D., & Glover, V. A. S. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.03.032 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Prevalence, onset and comorbidity of postpartum anxiety and depressive disorders
Reck, C., Struben, K., Backenstrass, M., Stefenelli, U., Reinig, K., Fuchs, T., Sohn, C., & Mundt, C. (2008) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2008.01264.x · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Self-citationFear of childbirth during pregnancy may increase the risk of emergency cesarean section
Ryding, E. L., Wijma, B. E., Wijma, K., & Rydhström, H. (1998) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0412.1998.770512.x · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Littleton, H. L., Breitkopf, C. R., & Berenson, A. B. (2007) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2007.03.042 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Laursen, M., Hedegaard, M., & Johansen, C. (2008) · BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2007.01583.x · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Psychosocial characteristics of women and their partners fearing vaginal childbirth
Saisto, T., Salmela‐Aro, K., Nurmi, J., & Halmesmäki, E. (2001) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2001.00122.x · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Maternal anxiety during pregnancy and subsequent infant development
Brouwers, E. P. M., van Baar, A. L., & Pop, V. J. M. (2001) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/s0163-6383(01)00062-5 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Strukturiertes klinisches Interview für DSM-IV
Wittchen, H.-U. 1. (n.d.) · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Fear of pregnancy and childbirth
Hofberg, K., & Ward, M. R. (2003) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pmj.79.935.505 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Fear of Childbirth in Late Pregnancy
Areskog, B., Uddenberg, N., & Kjessler, B. (2010) · Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation · doi:10.1159/000299611 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Obstetric complications and anxiety during pregnancy: is there a relationship?
Johnson, R. C., & Slade, P. (2003) · Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.3109/01674820309042796 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Fear of childbirth during pregnancy may increase the risk of emergency cesarean section
Ryding, E., Wijma, B. E., Wijma, K., & Rydhström, H. (1998) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1080/j.1600-0412.1998.770512.x · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Alehagen, S., Wijma, K., & Wijma, B. E. (2001) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0412.2001.080004315.x · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Identification of Women with Significant Fear of Childbirth during Late Pregnancy
Areskog, B., Kjessler, B., & Uddenberg, N. (2010) · Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation · doi:10.1159/000299490 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Epidural Analgesia in Labor: An Evaluation of Risks and Benefits
Thorp, J. A., & Breedlove, G. K. (1996) · Birth · doi:10.1111/j.1523-536x.1996.tb00833.x · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Fairbrother, N., & Woody, S. R. (2007) · Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1080/01674820701495065 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Uterine artery resistance and anxiety in the second trimester of pregnancy
Kent, A. S. H., Hughes, P. M., Ormerod, L., Jones, G., & Thilaganathan, B. (2002) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1046/j.0960-7692.2001.00546.x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Birbaumer, N.-P. 1., & Schmidt, R. F. 1.-2. (2005) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/3-540-30350-2 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Neurobiologie psychischer Störungen
Förstl, H., Hautzinger, M., & Roth, G. (2006) · Technische Universität Dortmund Eldorado (Technische Universität Dortmund) · doi:10.17877/de290r-4120 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Laursen, M., Hedegaard, M., & Johansen, C. (2009) · Obstetric Anesthesia Digest · doi:10.1097/01.aoa.0000350598.82205.a1 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Pschyrembel, W., & Dudenhausen, J. W. (1991) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783111710914 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Dudenhausen, J. W., Obladen, M., & Grab, D. (2011) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783110228694 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Angststörungen in der Schwangerschaft und nach der Geburt:
Martini, J., Weidner, K., & Hoyer, J. (2008) · Psychosomatik und Konsiliarpsychiatrie · doi:10.1007/s11800-008-0127-z · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Geburtsängste in der Schwangerschaft - Frauenfelder Geburtenstudie
Geissbühler, V., Zimmermann, K., & Eberhard, J. (2005) · Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · doi:10.1055/s-2005-872836 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Bandelow, B., & Wedekind, D. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/3-540-30887-3_11 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Erschöpfung und Depression in der Schwangerschaft
Gawlik, S., & Reck, C. (2011) · Psychotherapeut · doi:10.1007/s00278-011-0820-9 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 39 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Huizink, A. C., Delforterie, M. J., Scheinin, N. M., Tolvanen, M., Karlsson, L., & Karlsson, H. (2015) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-015-0531-2 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Psychological perspectives on fear of childbirth.
Rondung, E., Thomtén, J., & Sundin, Ö. (2016) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.10.007 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Prevalence of pregnancy anxiety and associated factors
Madhavanprabhakaran, G. K., D’Souza, M. S., & Nairy, K. S. (2015) · International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ijans.2015.06.002 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Koelewijn, J. M., Sluijs, A., & Vrijkotte, T. G. M. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013413 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Stoll, K. H., Swift, E., Fairbrother, N., Nethery, E., & Janssen, P. A. (2017) · Birth · doi:10.1111/birt.12316 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Shorey, S., Ng, E. D., & Chee, C. Y. I. (2021) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/14034948211011793 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Goetz, M., Schiele, C., Müller, M., Matthies, L. M., Deutsch, T. M., Spano, C., Graf, J., Zipfel, S., Bauer, A., Brucker, S. Y., et al. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/17593 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Effect of depressive and anxiety symptoms during pregnancy on risk of obstetric interventions
Bayrampour, H., Salmon, C., Vinturache, A., & Tough, S. (2015) · Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · doi:10.1111/jog.12683 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Agrati, D., Browne, D. T., Jonas, W., Meaney, M. J., Atkinson, L. R., Steiner, M. S., & Fleming, A. S. (2015) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-014-0491-y · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Wallwiener, S., Goetz, M., Lanfer, A., Gillessen, A., Suling, M., Feisst, M., Sohn, C., & Wallwiener, M. (2019) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-019-05075-2 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Uçar, T., & Gölbaşı, Z. (2018) · Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1080/0167482x.2018.1453800 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Nasreen, H. E., Pasi, H., Rifin, S. M., Aris, M. A., Rahman, J. A., Rus, R. M., & Edhborg, M. (2019) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-019-2349-9 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Interventions to treat fear of childbirth in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Webb, R., Bond, R., Romero‐Gonzalez, B., Mycroft, R. H., & Ayers, S. (2021) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291721002324 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Matthies, L. M., Müller, M., Doster, A., Sohn, C., Wallwiener, M., Reck, C., & Wallwiener, S. (2019) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-019-05402-7 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationRondung, E., Ekdahl, J., & Sundin, Ö. (2018) · Birth · doi:10.1111/birt.12368 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Rondung, E., Ternström, E., Hildingsson, I., Haines, H. M., Sundin, Ö., Ekdahl, J., Karlström, A., Larsson, B., Segeblad, B., Baylis, R., et al. (2018) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/10420 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“Although findings are not coherent [62], previous research suggests that FOB during pregnancy might be positively correlated with the experience of pain during childbirth [63,64], longer birth duration [65-67], and a more negative rating of the overall birth experience [4,5].”
ResultPregnancy-specific anxiety and elective cesarean section in primiparas: A cohort study in China
Sun, Y., Huang, K., Hu, Y., Yan, S., Xu, Y., Zhu, P., & Tao, F. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0216870 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Seval, M. M., Yüce, T., Kalafat, E., Duman, B., Aker, S. Ş., Kumbasar, H., & Koç, A. (2016) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1002/uog.15994 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Matthies, L. M., Wallwiener, S., Müller, M., Doster, A., Plewniok, K., Feller, S., Sohn, C., Wallwiener, M., & Reck, C. (2017) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2017.09.011 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationAssociation of Financial Burden With Self-Rated and Mental Health in Older Adults With Cancer
Jones, S. M. W., Nguyễn, T. T., & Chennupati, S. R. (2019) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/0898264319826428 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Vural, P. İ., & Aslan, E. (2019) · Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2019.02.011 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Haßdenteufel, K., Müller, M., Abele, H., Brucker, S. Y., Graf, J., Zipfel, S., Bauer, A., Jakubowski, P., Pauluschke‐Fröhlich, J., Wallwiener, M., et al. (2023) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115599 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Ou, L., Shen, Q., Xiao, M., Wang, W., He, T., & Wang, B. (2025) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291725000601 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Depressive Symptom Prevalence and Predictors in the First Half of Pregnancy
Kinser, P. A., Thacker, L. R., Lapato, D. M., Wagner, S., Roberson‐Nay, R., Jobe‐Shields, L., Amstadter, A. B., & York, T. P. (2017) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2017.6426 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Worries of Pregnant Women: Testing the Farsi Cambridge Worry Scale
Mortazavi, F., & Akaberi, A. (2016) · Scientifica · doi:10.1155/2016/5791560 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Naja, S., Kubaisi, N. A., Singh, R., & Bougmiza, I. M. (2020) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05264 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Müller, M., Matthies, L. M., Goetz, M., Abele, H., Brucker, S. Y., Bauer, A., Graf, J., Zipfel, S., Hasemann, L., Wallwiener, M., et al. (2020) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-020-04873-3 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The characteristics and prevalence of phobias in pregnancy
Nath, S., Busuulwa, P., Ryan, E., Challacombe, F. L., & Howard, L. M. (2019) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2019.102590 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Peltonen, H., Paavonen, E. J., Saarenpää‐Heikkilä, O., Vahlberg, T. J., Paunio, T., & Polo‐Kantola, P. (2022) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-022-06560-x · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Haßdenteufel, K., Feißt, M., Brusniak, K., Lingenfelder, K., Matthies, L. M., Wallwiener, M., & Wallwiener, S. (2020) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-020-05570-x · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Childhood abuse, pregnancy-related anxiety and the mediating role of resilience and social support
Brunton, R., Wood, T., & Dryer, R. (2020) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105320968140 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Heterogeneity in childbirth related fear or anxiety.
Rondung, E., Ekdahl, J., Hildingsson, I., Rubertsson, C., & Sundin, Ö. (2018) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.12481 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Slade, P., Sheen, K., Weeks, A., Wray, S., de Pascalis, L., Lunt, K., Bedwell, C., Thompson, B., Hill, J., & Sharp, H. (2021) · Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aogs.14063 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Dissatisfaction with the husband support increases childbirth fear among Indonesian primigravida
Marcelina, L. A., Rachmawati, I. N., & Ungsianik, T. (2019) · Enfermería Clínica · doi:10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.04.047 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Morrell, C. J., Cantrell, A. J., Evans, K., & Carrick‐Sen, D. (2013) · Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology · doi:10.1080/02646838.2013.835795 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Fenaroli, V., Saita, E., Molgora, S., & Accordini, M. (2016) · Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology · doi:10.1080/02646838.2016.1167864 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Sanni, K.-R., Ekholm, E. M. K., Scheinin, N. M., Laura, K., Karlsson, L., & Karlsson, H. (2022) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-022-01212-0 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Prenatal Maternal Anxiety in South Asia: A Rapid Best-Fit Framework Synthesis
Bright, K. S., Norris, J. M., Letourneau, N. L., Rosario, M. K., & Premji, S. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00467 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Maria, A., Nissila, I. T., Shekhar, S., Kotilahti, K. M., Tuulari, J. J., Hirvi, P., Huotilainen, M., Heiskala, J., Karlsson, L., & Karlsson, H. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.10.047 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Wilkinson, E., O'Mahen, H., Fearon, P., Halligan, S., King, D., Greenfield, G., Dunkley-Bent, J., Ericksen, J., Milgrom, J., & Ramchandani, P. (2016) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1274-8 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Madhavanprabhakaran, G. K., D’Souza, M. S., & Nairy, K. (2016) · Nursing and Midwifery Studies · doi:10.5812/nmsjournal.32526 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Loughnan, S. A., Gautam, R. K., Silverio, S. A., Boyle, F. M., Cassidy, J., Ellwood, D. A., Homer, C., Horey, D., Leisher, S. H., de Montigny, F., et al. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061550 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Pregnancy-specific health anxiety: symptom or diagnosis?
Rathbone, A. L., & Prescott, J. (2019) · British Journal of Midwifery · doi:10.12968/bjom.2019.27.5.288 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Manifestation and Associated Factors of Pregnancy-Related Worries in Expectant Fathers
Göbel, A., Arck, P., Hecher, K., Schulte‐Markwort, M., Diemert, A., & Mudra, S. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.575845 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Assessing Worry About Affording Healthcare in a General Population Sample
Jones, S. M. W., Du, Y., Panattoni, L. E., & Henrikson, N. B. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02622 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The effect of childbirth preparation courses on anxiety and self-efficacy in coping with childbirth
Khaikin, R., Marcus, Y., Kelishek, S., & Balik, C. (2016) · Clinical Nursing Studies · doi:10.5430/cns.v4n3p39 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Müller, D., Teismann, T., Hirschfeld, G. H. F., Zmyj, N., Fuths, S., Vocks, S., Schneider, S., & Seehagen, S. (2018) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579418000883 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Spanish Brief Version of the Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionnaire: PRAQ-20
Vázquez, M. B., & Míguez, M. C. (2020) · Clínica y Salud · doi:10.5093/clysa2020a22 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionnaire (PRAQ)
Vázquez, M., Pereira, B., & Míguez, M. (2018) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1017/sjp.2018.67 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Kazemi, A., & Dadkhah, A. (2020) · Asia-Pacific Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/appy.12419 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Mudra, S., Göbel, A., Möhler, E., Stuhrmann, L. Y., Schulte‐Markwort, M., Arck, P., Hecher, K., & Diemert, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.844291 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The Pregnancy Anxiety Questionnaire Revised-2
Dellagiulia, A., Lionetti, F., Pastore, M., Karlsson, L., Karlsson, H., & Huizink, A. C. (2019) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000559 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Dere, S. S., Varotariya, J. K., Ghildiyal, R., Sharma, S. A., & Kaur, D. (2019) · Industrial Psychiatry Journal · doi:10.4103/ipj.ipj_66_19 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
O'Mahen, H., Ramchandani, P., King, D., Lee-Carbon, L., Wilkinson, E., Thompson-Booth, C., Ericksen, J., Milgrom, J., Dunkley-Bent, J., Halligan, S., et al. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-03737-1 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Validation of the Anxiety Scale for Pregnancy in a Sample of Iranian Women
Mortazavi, F., & Akaberi, A. (2017) · International Journal of Women s Health and Reproduction Sciences · doi:10.15296/ijwhr.2018.12 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Jones, S. M. W., Banegas, M. P., Steiner, J. F., Marchis, E. H. D., Gottlieb, L. M., & Sharp, A. L. (2021) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-020-06479-6 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Ponti, L., & Smorti, M. (2019) · Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.jogn.2019.09.003 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Complementary medicine for laboring women: a qualitative study of the effects of reflexology
Arnon, Z., Dor, A., Bazak, H., Attias, S., Sagi, S., Balachsan, S., & Schiff, E. (2018) · Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1515/jcim-2018-0022 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Korn, L., Koren, G., Yaakov, A., Madar, G., & Blau, A. (2021) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare9070818 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Sutcliffe, K. L., Levett, K. M., Dahlen, H. G., Newnham, E. C., & MacKay, L. M. (2023) · International Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.2147/ijwh.s399588 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Multiple sclerosisPrevalence and Associated Factors of Anxiety and Depression Among Pregnant Women
Busari, A. O. (2018) · Open access Journal of Neurology & Neurosurgery · doi:10.19080/oajnn.2018.09.555758 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Böyük, M., & Bi̇lgi̇n, N. Ç. (2025) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.22438 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Pregnancy Anxiety and Associated Factors in Pregnant Women
Ghezi, S., Eftekhariyazdi, M., & Mortazavi, F. (2021) · Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences · doi:10.5812/zjrms.99953 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Mehrabadi, M., Mortazavi, F., & Rakhshani, M. H. (2019) · Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology and Cancer Research · doi:10.30699/jogcr.4.2.69 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Konan, A. B., Bléyéré, M. N., Amonkan, A. K., & Datté, J. Y. (2014) · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Impact of urinary incontinence on anxiety status during pregnancy: A prospective case-control study.
Keseroglu, B. B., Aydın, O., Koç, E. M., Bayburtluoğlu, V., Yuceturk, C. N., Karakan, T., Ozgur, B. C., Ustun, Y., Hazırbulan, A., Gokkurt, Y., et al. (2022) · European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2022.01.018 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Gebelerde Doğum Korkusu Düzeyi ve İlişkili Değişkenlerin İncelenmesi
Kanbur, A., & Koç, Ö. (2023) · Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi ve Folklorik Tıp Dergisi · doi:10.31020/mutftd.1162395 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Madhavanprabhakaran, G. K., D’Souza, M. S., & Nairy, K. (2016) · Nursing and Midwifery Studies · doi:10.17795/nmsjournal32526 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Making decisions in the management of perinatal depression and anxiety
Wand, A. P. F. (2014) · Advances in Psychiatric Treatment · doi:10.1192/apt.bp.113.011866 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Evaluación de dos tratamientos psicológicos para mujeres embarazadas con sintomatología ansiosa
Durán, C. A. R., & Moreno-Coutiño, A. B. (2020) · Psicología y Salud · doi:10.25009/pys.v31i1.2677 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Investigating the association between neuroticism and adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes
Axfors, C., Eckerdal, P., Volgsten, H., Wikström, A., Ekselius, L., Ramklint, M., Poromaa, I. S., & Skalkidou, A. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-51861-y · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Scale (PrAS)
Brunton, R., & Dryer, R. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-89738-3_23-1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Setiawan, A. (2023) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0177428 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Brun, A., Ruchat, S.-M., Chaput‐Langlois, S., Booij, L., Giac, R., Séguin, K., Bernier, A., Morisset, A., Boucoiran, I., Vaillancourt, C., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph22101538 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Shirabe, R., Okada, H., Okuhara, T., Yokota, R., & Kiuchi, T. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11131935 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Intrapartum Care Experiences Associated With Postpartum Visit Attendance
Weeks, F. H., Myerson, R. M., Gangnon, R. E., Dykema, J., Cornelius, C., & Green, T. (2025) · Birth · doi:10.1111/birt.12910 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Tong, Y., Wu, J., Wu, X., Mo, Y., & Wang, F. (2025) · Drug Design Development and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dddt.s492040 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Psychological perspectives on fear of birth : heterogeneity, mechanisms and treatment
Rondung, E. (2018) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Birner, C., & Große, G. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-223224/v1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The Use of Hypnosis during the Perinatal Period: A Systematic Review
Dumont, É., Ogez, D., Nahas, S., & El‐Baalbaki, G. (2023) · International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis · doi:10.1080/00207144.2022.2160258 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Interest in prenatal stress management training: association with medical risk and mental health
Fairbrother, N., Keeney, C., & Albert, A. K. (2023) · Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology · doi:10.1080/02646838.2023.2254800 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Haßdenteufel, K., Müller, M., Abele, H., Brucker, S. Y., Graf, J., Zipfel, S., Bauer, A., Jakubowski, P., Pauluschke‐Fröhlich, J., Wallwiener, M., et al. (2024) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/56230 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Influence of Labor Environment Settings on Labor Progression
Siagian, D. S. (2020) · Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology · doi:10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12896 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The effects of antenatal anxiety assessment by health visitors on outcomes for mothers and babies
Cattanach, J., & Taylor, J. (2019) · Journal of Health Visiting · doi:10.12968/johv.2019.7.3.120 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Putri, A. M. (2022) · Jurnal Psikologi Malahayati · doi:10.33024/jpm.v4i1.6039 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Socioeconomic and health predictors of perinatal mental health in a rural area of The GambiaPreprint
Milosavljevic, B., Torrance, C., Kievit, R., Darboe, S., Sanyang, L., McCann, S., McCoy, D. C., Fadera, T., Njai, F., Kora, K., et al. (2023) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/uw4z9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Psychosomatische Aspekte, Geburtserfahrung und nichtpharmakologische Techniken der Analgesie
Abou‐Dakn, M. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-54375-7_4
Prenatal Adaptation in Military Women
Lederman, R. P., & Weis, K. L. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-45738-9_9
PRENATAL YOGA MENURUNKAN KECEMASAN IBU DALAM MENGHADAPI PERSALINAN
Indrayani, D., & Legiati, T. (2021) · Jurnal Riset Kesehatan Poltekkes Depkes Bandung · doi:10.34011/juriskesbdg.v13i1.1909
Evaluation of the consequences of early permission of mothers with cesarean delivery
Jalilvand, F., Sadat-Razavi, M., Sharghi, A., Ghavami, Z., & Izadi, R. (2021) · International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics · doi:10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20214153
Varas, A. G. (2005) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja)
Tani, F., Ghinassi, S., & Ponti, L. (2021) · European Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1027/2512-8442/a000103
STUDI KASUS: KECEMASAN DALAM KEHAMILAN DAPAT MENGHAMBAT PROSES PERSALINAN
Fauziah, S. F. (2021) · Jurnal Kebidanan · doi:10.32695/jbd.v1i1.246
Haßdenteufel, K., Müller, M., Abele, H., Brucker, S. Y., Graf, J., Zipfel, S., Bauer, A., Jakubowski, P., Pauluschke‐Fröhlich, J., Wallwiener, M., et al. (2024) · doi:10.2196/preprints.56230
Exner, F., Caspers, R., Kennes, L. N., Wittenborn, J., Kupec, T., Stickeler, E., & Najjari, L. (2024) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics14030293
Anxiety in the Perinatal Period: Associated Factors
Navas-Arrebola, R., Blanco-López, S., Peteiro-Mahía, L., López-Castiñeira, N., Pértega-Díaz, S., & Seoane‐Pillado, T. (2024) · Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.31083/j.ceog5103078
Anxiety and Worry During the Perinatal Period: Why They Cannot Be Ignored
Peñacoba, C., & Catalá, P. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-57824-3_2
Jusuf, E. C., Husain, M. G., & Safa, M. (2024) · Italian Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.36129/jog.2024.177
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Surgical Site Infection Following Cesarean Section
Moghaddam, F. R., Razavi, M., & Delaramifar, Z. (2024) · Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences · doi:10.5812/jkums-148572
Ghinassi, S., Ponti, L., Carducci, A., & Smorti, M. (2025) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2025.2564307
- Authors
- Reck, C., Zimmer, K., Dubber, S., Zipser, B., Schlehe, B., & Gawlik, S.
- Affiliations
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- University Hospital Heidelberg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Reck, C.
- ORCID
- Reck, C.
- Venue
- Archives of Women's Mental Health
- Published
- 2013-04-05
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 363-369
- ISSN
- 1434-1816 (ISSN-L)
- 1435-1102
- OpenAlex
- W2072641445
- Cited by
- 106
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 5.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Archives of Women s Mental Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
- Keywords
- pregnancy-related anxiety, general anxiety, birth outcomes, labor duration, childbirth interventions, cesarean section, ventouse, parity
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Cesarean Section, Fear, Female, Germany, Hospitals, University, Humans, Labor, Obstetric, Obstetric Labor Complications, Parity, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Regression Analysis, Socioeconomic Factors, Parturition, Delivery, Obstetric, Pregnant Women, Pregnant People, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
