Behavioural and emotional problems in children of alcoholic mothers and fathers
Abstract
The Child Behavior Check List (CBCL) was used to compare a sample of 103 Danish children of alcoholics (CoA) to a Danish population-based sample (N = 780). The CoA had a significantly greater incidence of symptoms on 17 of the 118 CBCL items. Compared to the reference population, daughters of alcoholics were more impaired than sons of alcoholics on most CBCL measures. In families with maternal alcoholism daughters had higher internalising and depression scores than sons, and in families with paternal alcoholism, sons had higher internalising and depression scores than daughters. The CoA also had a significantly greater risk of scoring above the 95th percentile on internalising behaviour, depression symptoms and socially deviant behaviour. On all CBCL dimensions, almost half of the CoA samples functioned as well as the average of the reference population. The results from this study suggest that CoA should be regarded as a risk group but with very heterogeneous consequences in response to parental alcoholism.
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Children who grow up in families with parental alcohol problems are at risk of several psychological, behavioral, cognitive, and social problems.
“Decades of research have revealed that children who grow up in families with parental alcohol problems are at risk of several psychological, behavioral, cognitive, and social problems (Brunnberg, Eriksson, & Tinnfält, 2007; Christensen & Bilenberg, 2000; Park & Schepp, 2015).”
From “I Feel It In My Heart When My Parents Fight”: Experiences of 7–9-Year-Old Children of Alcoholics (2018) · cites this paper as Christensen & Bilenberg, 2000
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“Furthermore, as in Christensen and Bilenberg’s study [17], COAs in our sample came only from families in which the alcohol-dependent parent was undergoing treatment.”
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“…exhibit more antisocial behaviors such as delinquency, rebellion, running away, social isolation, interpersonal problems, and school difficulties (Christensen & Bilenberg, 2000; Jacob & Windle, 2000; NACoA, 1998), and that they are at two-to-four times the risk of other children for developing…”
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“…studies found that children of alcoholic parents are at higher risk for having depressive symptoms (Chassin, Pitts, DeLucia, & Todd, 1999; Christensen & Bilenberg, 2000; Hammen, Rudolph, Weisz, Rao, & Burge, 1999; Plant, Orford, & Grant, 1989; Roebuck, Mattson, & Riley, 1999; Sher, 1997).”
Environmental Correlates of Cognition and Behavior in Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
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CHILDREN'S PERSPECTIVES ON CHILD WELL-BEING
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“Moreover, it is widely acknowledged that children who live in homes with alcoholic or drug-abusing parents exhibit elevated levels of internalizing and externalizing problems compared with children whose parents do not abuse psychoactive substances (e.g., Christensen & Bilenberg, 2000 ).”
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“Children’s Influences on Women’s Symptomatology Maternal alcohol-related problems (Christensen & Bilenberg, 2000; Dawson, Harford, & Grant, 1992), maternal depression (Goodman & Gotlib, 1999), and paternal antisocial alcoholism (Jansen, Fitzgerald, Ham, & Zucker, 1995; Zucker, Ellis, Fitzgerald, &…”
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“Decades of research have revealed that children who grow up in families with parental alcohol problems are at risk of several psychological, behavioral, cognitive, and social problems (Brunnberg, Eriksson, & Tinnfält, 2007; Christensen & Bilenberg, 2000; Park & Schepp, 2015).”
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“…(Haight et al., 2005; Radel et al., 2018), and are more likely to experience negative internalizing symptoms, for example, emotional distress (Christensen & Bilenberg, 1999), and externalizing behaviors, for example, guarded communication with nonparental adults, disruptive classroom…”
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“Their report dates back to the year 2000 in Denmark, and perhaps cultural and regional differences are involved in this discrepancy 32 .”
Beziehungen des Substanzgebrauchs und -missbrauchs zwischen Eltern und Jugendlichen
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“…of problems such as high level of depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, feelings of guilt, shame, and self-blame for the parents’ substance use (Christensen & Bilenberg, 2000; Elkins, McGue, Malone, & Iacono, 2004; Jacob & Windle, 2000; Mylant, Ide, Cuevas, & Meehan, 2002; Ritter, Stewart,…”
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“…with substance abuse problems are at high risk of developing emotional problems, substance abuse, and poor school results (Carnbonneau et al., 1998; Christensen et al., 2000; Elkins et al., 2004; Forrester & Harwin, 2011; Harter, 2000; Niccols et al., 2012; Velleman et al., 2005; Velleman &…”
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“Previous studies have shown that familial alcoholism has a greater affect on sons than on daughters (Ritter et al., 2002) and that maternal alcoholism results in more internal problems in children and paternal alcoholism leads to more external problems (Bygholm-Christensen & Bilenberg, 2000).”
BackgroundKim, H.-R., & Park, S. (2011) · Family and environment research · doi:10.6115/khea.2011.49.4.037 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Impact on the Health Behaviors of Children by High Risk Alcohol Drink Behavior of Parent
Jang, J.-D., Han, S.-Y., & Lee, M. (2013) · Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society · doi:10.5762/kais.2013.14.8.3858 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Dayananda, B., & Sreevani, R. (2018) · Nursing Journal of India · doi:10.48029/nji.2018.cix501 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Our finding that 58 percent of respondents had mild to moderate impairment in psychosocial functioning is supported by Christensen & Bilenberg (2010) who reported significantly greater risk of scoring above the 95th percentile on behaviour problems, and socially deviant behaviour among children of…”
BackgroundExploring Rural Community’s Knowledge on Child Maltreatment
Sahwa, F. A., & Tharshini, N. K. (2023) · International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences · doi:10.6007/ijarbss/v13-i4/16934 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A systematic review of the social impact of diseases in Nordic countries
Seo, A., & Chang, A. Y. (2024) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/14034948231217365 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Female offspring of parents with alcohol-use disorders had a significantly higher total problem score in Denmark, while the score in male offspring was not significantly different from the reference [97].”
Parental Alcohol Use and Resilience in Young People in Northern Ireland
McLaughlin, A., McCartan, C. J., Percy, A., Perra, O., & Higgins, K. (2015) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Developmental Neuroepigenetics of Substance Abuse
Mason, B., Donaldson, S. T., & Hunter, R. G. (2018) · Journal of Drug and Alcohol Research · doi:10.4303/jdar/236039 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The construction of identity within a context of parental alcoholism
Stark, B. A. (2004) · UpSpace Institutional Repository (University of Pretoria) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Suomi, A. (2012) · Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Effects of parental alcohol misuse on children and adolescents: A literature review
Greene, C. (2013) · CommonKnowledge Research Repository (Pacific University Oregon)
Saraceno, L. (2011) · ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)
Wetenschappen, S., & Prinzie, P. (2009)
McLaughlin, A., O’Neill, T., McCarten, C., Percy, A., McCann, M., Perra, O., & Higgins, K. (2016)
Children Affected by Parental Alcohol Problems (ChAPAPs)
Passon, A. M., Humptasch, B., & Lüngen, M. (2009)
A Study of Family Risk Contexts and Child Conduct Problems Among Rural, Low-Income Families
Zvara, B. J. (2019) · Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) · doi:10.17615/jn45-h803
Alcohol Consumption habits in Parents with hospitalized Children
Bjerregaard, L. B. S., Jensen, B. Ø., Høst, A., Rubak, S., Hounsgaard, L., & Wagner, L. (2008) · University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark)
- Authors
- Christensen, H. B., & Bilenberg, N.
- Affiliations
- Aarhus University Hospital (DK)
- Venue
- European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
- Published
- 2000-10-12
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 219-226
- ISSN
- 1018-8827 (ISSN-L)
- 1435-165X
- OpenAlex
- W1969372395
- Cited by
- 108
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 3.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Sundhed og Sygdom, Det Frie Forskningsråd
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Keywords
- children of alcoholics, parental alcoholism, maternal alcoholism, paternal alcoholism, child behavior problems, emotional problems, internalizing problems, depressive symptoms, gender differences, social deviance, Child Behavior Checklist
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Affect, Alcoholism, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Parents, Child of Impaired Parents
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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