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Influences of Wildfire and Channel Reorganization on Spatial and Temporal Variation in Stream Temperature and the Distribution of Fish and Amphibians
Abstract
Wildfire can influence a variety of stream ecosystem properties. We studied stream temperatures in relation to wildfire in small streams in the Boise River Basin, located in central Idaho, USA. To examine the spatio-temporal aspects of temperature in relation to wildfire, we employed three approaches: a pre-post fire comparison of temperatures between two sites (one from a burned stream and one unburned) over 13 years, a short-term (3 year) pre-post fire comparison of a burned and unburned stream with spatially extensive data, and a short-term (1 year) comparative study of spatial variability in temperatures using a “space for time” substitutive design across 90 sites in nine streams (retrospective comparative study). The latter design included streams with a history of stand-replacing wildfire and streams with severe post-fire reorganization of channels due to debris flows and flooding. Results from these three studies indicated that summer maximum water temperatures can remain significantly elevated for at least a decade following wildfire, particularly in streams with severe channel reorganization. In the retrospective comparative study we investigated occurrence of native rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and tailed frog larvae (Ascaphus montanus) in relation to maximum stream temperatures during summer. Both occurred in nearly every site sampled, but tailed frog larvae were found in much warmer water than previously reported in the field (26.6°C maximum summer temperature). Our results show that physical stream habitats can remain altered (for example, increased temperature) for many years following wildfire, but that native aquatic vertebrates can be resilient. In a management context, this suggests wildfire may be less of a threat to native species than human influences that alter the capacity of stream-living vertebrates to persist in the face of natural disturbance.
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“and can be even more elevated where debris flows occur, opening up more of the canopy to light (Dunham et al., 2007).”
From Wildfire Induces Changes in Receiving Waters: A Review With Considerations for Water Quality Management (2022) · cites this paper as Dunham et al., 2007
In the citing paper
“These effects lasted as long as 11 yr (Dunham et al., 2007) with a median across studies between 5 and 10 yr (Figure 3).”
From Wildfire Induces Changes in Receiving Waters: A Review With Considerations for Water Quality Management (2022) · cites this paper as Dunham et al., 2007
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“These effects lasted as long as 11 yr (Dunham et al., 2007) with a median across studies between 5 and 10 yr (Figure 3).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Dunham, J. B., Rosenberger, A. E., Luce, C. H., & Rieman, B. E.
- Affiliations
- United States Geological Survey (US)
- US Forest Service (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dunham, Jason B.
- Venue
- Ecosystems
- Published
- 2007-03
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 335-346
- ISSN
- 1432-9840 (ISSN-L)
- 1435-0629
- OpenAlex
- W2142126477
- Cited by
- 187
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 5.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Ecosystems (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Forest Service
- Rocky Mountain Research Station
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity and ecology
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Fire effects on ecosystems
- Keywords
- wildfire effects on streams, stream temperature, debris flows, post-fire flooding, rainbow trout, tailed frog, Ascaphus montanus, amphibian larvae, small streams
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