Legacy effects of wildfire on stream thermal regimes and rainbow trout ecology: an integrated analysis of observation and individual-based models
Abstract
Management of aquatic resources in fire-prone areas requires understanding of fish species’ responses to wildfire and of the intermediate- and long-term consequences of these disturbances. We examined Rainbow Trout populations in 9 headwater streams 10 y after a major wildfire: 3 with no history of severe wildfire in the watershed (unburned), 3 in severely burned watersheds (burned), and 3 in severely burned watersheds subjected to immediate events that scoured the stream channel and eliminated streamside vegetation (burned and reorganized). Results of a previous study of this system suggested the primary lasting effects of this wildfire history on headwater stream habitat were differences in canopy cover and solar radiation, which led to higher summer stream temperatures. Nevertheless, trout were present throughout streams in burned watersheds. Older age classes were least abundant in streams draining watersheds with a burned and reorganized history, and individuals >1 y old were most abundant in streams draining watersheds with an unburned history. Burned history corresponded with fast growth, low lipid content, and early maturity of Rainbow Trout. We used an individual-based model of Rainbow Trout growth and demographic patterns to determine if temperature interactions with bioenergetics and competition among individuals could lead to observed phenotypic and ecological differences among populations in the absence of other plausible mechanisms. Modeling suggested that moderate warming associated with wildfire and channel disturbance history leads to faster individual growth, which exacerbates competition for limited food, leading to decreases in population densities. The inferred mechanisms from this modeling exercise suggest the transferability of ecological patterns to a variety of temperature-warming scenarios.
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Fish generally do not disperse as quickly as invertebrates, so recovery after fires can take longer depending on fish movement and habitat connectivity.
“Nonetheless, fish generally do not disperse as quickly as invertebrates, so recovery after fires can take longer depending on fish movement and habitat connectivity (Rosenberger et al., 2015).”
From Wildfire Induces Changes in Receiving Waters: A Review With Considerations for Water Quality Management (2022) · cites this paper as Rosenberger et al., 2015
The lower salmonid densities in Idaho were likely due to higher water temperatures from slow riparian recovery.
“This response was likely due to the effect of higher water temperatures from slow riparian recovery (Rosenberger et al., 2015).”
From Wildfire Induces Changes in Receiving Waters: A Review With Considerations for Water Quality Management (2022) · cites this paper as Rosenberger et al., 2015
In Idaho, salmonid densities (age class 1+) were lower 10 yr following wildfires in watersheds that burned and experienced debris flows.
“In Idaho, salmonid densities (age class 1+) were lower 10 yr following wildfires in watersheds that burned and experienced debris flows.”
From Wildfire Induces Changes in Receiving Waters: A Review With Considerations for Water Quality Management (2022) · cites this paper as Rosenberger et al., 2015
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- Authors
- Rosenberger, A. E., Dunham, J. B., Neuswanger, J. R., & Railsback, S. F.
- Affiliations
- United States Geological Survey (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rosenberger, Amanda E.
- Dunham, Jason B.
- Neuswanger, Jason R.
- Railsback, Steven F.
- Venue
- Freshwater Science
- Publisher
- University of Chicago Press
- Published
- 2015-12-01
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1571-1584
- ISSN
- 2161-9549 (ISSN-L)
- 2161-9565
- OpenAlex
- W1655439139
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 3.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Freshwater Science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity and ecology
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Fire effects on ecosystems
- Keywords
- rainbow trout, stream thermal regime, headwater streams, stream temperature, canopy cover, solar radiation, agent-based modeling, fish growth, lipid content, early maturity, intraspecific competition, population density, bioenergetics, age structure
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