The DOI matches its Crossref record; 47 of the 47 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Psychometric properties of the Dutch Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) in patients with fibromyalgia
Open accessAbstract
Mindfulness-based interventions are increasingly being used in clinical populations to reduce psychological distress and improve functioning. The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) is a questionnaire that measures five facets of mindfulness: observe, describe, actaware, nonjudge and nonreact. The goal of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the FFMQ in a clinical population of fibromyalgia patients. A total of 141 patients completed an online questionnaire on mindfulness (FFMQ) and theoretically related (e.g. acceptance, openness, alexithymia) and unrelated (physical health) constructs. Thirty-eight patients filled in the FFMQ twice. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to test the five-factor structure of the FFMQ. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were respectively assessed with Cronbach's α and intraclass correlation coefficients. Construct validity was examined by correlating FFMQ facets with theoretically related and unrelated constructs. Incremental validity in predicting mental health and psychological symptoms was examined with regression analyses. CFA confirmed the correlated five-factor structure of the FFMQ. Internal consistency of the five facets was satisfactory and test-retest reliability was good to excellent. Construct validity was excellent, as shown by the moderate to large correlations with related constructs (except observe facet) and weak correlation with a theoretically unrelated construct. Two of the five facets (actaware and nonjudge) had incremental validity over the others in predicting mental health and psychological symptoms. After controlling for related constructs, the actaware facet remained a significant predictor. This study showed satisfactory psychometric properties of the Dutch FFMQ in fibromyalgia patients. The observe facet, however, should be used with caution given its deviant relationship with theoretically related constructs.
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“Even though conceptualized to represent a hierarchical factor structure, with mindfulness on top of the five facets, empirical research among non-meditators repeatedly showed that Observe fits only insufficiently into this structure, or is even unrelated to overall mindfulness [14], [19], [20], [22]–[24].”
From The serenity of the meditating mind: A cross-cultural psychometric study on a two-factor higher order structure of mindfulness, its effects, and mechanisms related to mental health among experienced meditators (2014) · cites this paper as [19]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Validation studies of the FFMQ, for instance, have shown that its mindfulness facets correlate to a medium-to-large magnitude with specific measures of decentering (e.g., EQ) and acceptance (e.g., the Accpetance and Action Questionnaire, AAQ; Soler et al., 2014; Veehof et al., 2011), suggesting that these aspects may be operationally challenging to disentangle from each other.”
From Mediators of acceptance and mindfulness-based therapies for anxiety and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Veehof et al., 2011
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“As validation studies of the FFMQ have shown that the various mindfulness facets measured by the FFMQ correlate to a medium-to-large magnitude with specific measures of decentering (e.g., EQ) and acceptance (e.g., the Accpetance and Action Questionnaire, AAQ) (Soler et al., 2014; Veehof et al., 2011)”
From Mediators of acceptance and mindfulness-based therapies for anxiety and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Veehof et al., 2011
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“These findings correspond to earlier research (e.g., Baer et al., 2006; Veehof et al., 2011).”
From Further evaluation of the psychometric properties of the acceptance and action questionnaire-II (2012) · cites this paper as Veehof et al., 2011
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Cites
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Background
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bohlmeijer, E., ten Klooster, P. M., Fledderus, M., Veehof, M., & Baer, R. (2011) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191111408231 · Cited by 990
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Carpenter, J. K., Conroy, K., Gomez, A. F., Curren, L. C., & Hofmann, S. G. (2019) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101785 · Cited by 342
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“This finding was in accordance with other studies (Baer et al., 2006; Veehof et al., 2011).”
Result
Metadata
- Authors
- Veehof, M. M., ten Klooster, P. M., Taal, E., Westerhof, G. J., & Bohlmeijer, E. T.
- Affiliations
- University of Twente (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Veehof, Martine M.
- Venue
- Clinical Rheumatology
- Published
- 2011-02-25
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1045-1054
- ISSN
- 0770-3198 (ISSN-L)
- 1434-9949
- PMC
- PMC3145081
- OpenAlex
- W2102457727
- Cited by
- 158
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 10.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Clinical Rheumatology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Twente Research Information (publishedVersion)
- University of Twente Research Information (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
- Keywords
- Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, fibromyalgia, mindfulness, psychometric properties, incremental validity, construct validity, test-retest reliability, acceptance, alexithymia, mental health, psychological symptoms
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Mental Disorders, Female, Fibromyalgia, Humans, Male, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self-Assessment, Stress, Psychological, Reproducibility of Results, Mind-Body Relations, Metaphysical, Mind-Body Therapies
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