Cited by 93Biodiesel Production and ApplicationsCatalysis and Hydrodesulfurization StudiesChemical Synthesis and Reactions

Nanoferrites heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production from soybean and canola oil: a review

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Naagar, Manish, Chalia, Sonia, Thakur, Preeti, Sridhara, S. N., Thakur, Atul, Sharma, P. B.·2021·Environmental Chemistry Letters

Abstract

Fossil fuel depletion and pollution are calling for alternative, renewable energies such as biofuels. Actual challenges include the design of efficient processes and catalysts to convert various feedstocks into biofuels. Here, we review nanoferrites heterogeneous catalysts to produce biodiesel from soybean and canola oil. For that, transesterification is the main synthesis route and offers simplicity, cost-effectiveness, better process control, and high conversion yield. Catalysis with nanoferrites and composites allow to obtain yields higher than 95% conversion with less than 5.0 wt.% of catalyst loading at 80 °C in 1-2 h. More than 90% conversion yields can be achieved with a moderate alcohol/oil molar ratio, i.e., between 12:1 to 16:1. Catalyst recovery is easy due to the magnetic properties of nanoferrite, which can be effectively reused up to 4 times with less than 10% loss of catalytic efficiency.

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  • It is not feasible to substitute fossil-based fuels with wind, solar, geothermal, marine and hydropower; hence biomass utilisation to produce fuel and chemicals is required.

    “Thus, it is not feasible to substitute fossil-based fuels with the aforementioned sustainable energy sources; hence, biomass utilisation to produce fuel and chemicals is required (Bharti et al. 2021).”

    From Conversion of biomass to biofuels and life cycle assessment: a review (2021) · cites this paper as Bharti et al. 2021

    The Introduction (page unavailable) calls for cleaner alternatives to fossil fuels, and the Categories of biofuels section describes biomass-derived fuels. The paper does not say that wind, solar, geothermal, marine, or hydropower cannot replace fossil fuels, or that this makes biomass use necessary for producing fuels and chemicals. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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  • Second-generation biofuels, primarily derived from non-edible sources, are more sustainable than first-generation biofuels.

    “Second-generation biofuels, primarily derived from non-edible sources, such as switchgrass, poplar, straw, and food waste, are more sustainable than the first generation.”
  • Both first- and second-generation biofuels face limitations due to grain, land, and water resources.

    “However, both face limitations due to grain, land, and water resources [9].”

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Research works printed but not linked: 5

  1. [3]3. Alalwan HA, Alminshid AH, Aljaafari HAS (2019) Promising evolu- tion of biofuel generations. Subject Rev Renew Energy Focus 28:127-139. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1016/j. ref. 2018. 12. 006
  2. [29]29. Dantas J, Leal E, Mapossa AB et al (2016) Synthesis, characterization and catalytic performance of mixed nanoferrites submitted to transesterification and esterification reaction using methyl and ethyl route for biodiesel production. Rev Mater 21:1080-1093. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1590/ S1517-70762 01600 04. 0099
  3. [73]73. Liu K, Wang R, Yu M (2017) Biodiesel production from soybean oils by a novel nano-magnetic solid base catalyst (K/ZrO2/γ-Fe2O3). RSC Adv 7:51814-51821. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1039/ c7ra1 0067a
  4. [74]74. Liu Y, Zhang P, Fan M, Jiang P (2016) Biodiesel production from soy- bean oil catalyzed by magnetic nanoparticle MgFe2O4@CaO. Fuel 164:314-321. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1016/j. fuel. 2015. 10. 008
  5. [77]77. Mapossa AB, Dantas J, Costa ACFM (2020a) Transesterifica- tion reaction for biodiesel production from soybean oil using Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanomagnetic catalyst: kinetic study. Int J Energy Res 44:6674-6684. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1002/ er. 5403

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Authors
Naagar, M., Chalia, S., Thakur, P., Sridhara, S. N., Thakur, A., & Sharma, P. B.
Affiliations
  • Amity University (IN)
  • Amity University Gurugram (IN)
  • Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science (IN)
Corresponding author
Naagar, Manish
Venue
Environmental Chemistry Letters
Published
2021-05-04
Volume
19
Issue
5
Pages
3727-3746
ISSN
  • 1610-3653 (ISSN-L)
  • 1610-3661
OpenAlex
W3157891966
Cited by
93
References
126
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 8
FWCI
1.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Environmental Chemistry Letters (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biodiesel Production and Applications
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Catalysis and Hydrodesulfurization Studies
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Chemical Synthesis and Reactions
Keywords
ferrite nanoparticles, heterogeneous catalysis, biodiesel production, transesterification, soybean oil, canola oil, magnetic catalyst, catalyst recycling, catalyst reusability, alcohol to oil molar ratio, biofuels

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