Cited by 187Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsNeural dynamics and brain functionMind wandering and attention

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Theta activity and meditative states: spectral changes during concentrative meditation

Baijal, Shruti, Srinivasan, Narayanan·2010·Cognitive Processing

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Abstract

Brain oscillatory activity is associated with different cognitive processes and plays a critical role in meditation. In this study, we investigated the temporal dynamics of oscillatory changes during Sahaj Samadhi meditation (a concentrative form of meditation that is part of Sudarshan Kriya yoga). EEG was recorded during Sudarshan Kriya yoga meditation for meditators and relaxation for controls. Spectral and coherence analysis was performed for the whole duration as well as specific blocks extracted from the initial, middle, and end portions of Sahaj Samadhi meditation or relaxation. The generation of distinct meditative states of consciousness was marked by distinct changes in spectral powers especially enhanced theta band activity during deep meditation in the frontal areas. Meditators also exhibited increased theta coherence compared to controls. The emergence of the slow frequency waves in the attention-related frontal regions provides strong support to the existing claims of frontal theta in producing meditative states along with trait effects in attentional processing. Interestingly, increased frontal theta activity was accompanied reduced activity (deactivation) in parietal-occipital areas signifying reduction in processing associated with self, space and, time.

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Authors: Baijal, S., & Srinivasan, N.
Affiliations: University of Allahabad (IN)
Corresponding author: Srinivasan, Narayanan
ORCID: Srinivasan, Narayanan
Venue: Cognitive Processing
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2009-07-22
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Pages: 31-38
ISSN: 1612-4782 (ISSN-L)
1612-4790
DOI: 10.1007/s10339-009-0272-0
OpenAlex: W1966494524
Cited by: 187
References: 61
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 8
FWCI: 8.49
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Cognitive Processing (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Mind wandering and attention
Keywords: theta oscillations, concentrative meditation, Sudarshan Kriya Yoga, meditative states, frontal theta activity, theta coherence, EEG spectral power, attention, relaxation, neural oscillations
MeSH terms: Adult, Analysis of Variance, Attention, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Spectrum Analysis, Theta Rhythm, Negotiating, Young Adult

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Theta activity and meditative states: spectral changes during concentrative meditation

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