Development of the World Health Organization Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ)
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The questionnaire used the WHO STEPS questionnaire, the Hill-Bone Compliance Scale, and the GPAQ guide in its design.
“A number of the Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation (PRECEDE) model constructs (predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors); the World Health Organization STEPS questionnaire for monitoring chronic risk factors [25]; the Hill-Bone Compliance Scale; and the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) guide were used in its design [26].”
From The effect of the mobile “blood pressure management application” on hypertension self-management enhancement: a randomized controlled trial (2021) · cites this paper as [26]
Cites
International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity
CRAIG, C. L., MARSHALL, A. L., SJ??STR??M, M., BAUMAN, A. E., BOOTH, M. L., AINSWORTH, B. E., PRATT, M., EKELUND, U., YNGVE, A., SALLIS, J. F., et al. (2003) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000078924.61453.fb · Cited by 21,619 · see citing works
Ezzati, M., López, A. D., Rodgers, A., & Murray, C. J. L. (2004) · Cited by 3,319 · see citing works
Limits to the measurement of habitual physical activity by questionnaires
Shephard, R. J. (2003) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsm.37.3.197 · Cited by 1,694 · see citing works
Preventing chronic diseases: a vital investment
Vita-Finzi, L., & Who, G. E. (2005) · Cited by 1,686 · see citing works
Updating the evidence that physical activity is good for health: an epidemiological review 2000–2003
Bauman, A. E. (2004) · Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport · doi:10.1016/s1440-2440(04)80273-1 · Cited by 768 · see citing works
Mental health benefits of physical activity
Saxena, S., Van Ommeren, M., Tang, K. C., & Armstrong, T. P. (2005) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638230500270776 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Self-citationPerspectives on Health and Exercise
McKenna, J., & Riddoch, C. (2002) · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Armstrong, T. P., & Bonita, R. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationDeveloping a simple global physical activity questionnaire for population studies
de Courten, M. (2002) · Australasian epidemiologist · Cited by 18 · see citing works
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Guthold, R., Stevens, G. A., Riley, L. M., & Bull, F. C. (2018) · The Lancet Global Health · doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(18)30357-7 · Cited by 4,819 · see citing works
Self-citationBefort, C. A., Nazir, N., & Perri, M. G. (2012) · The Journal of Rural Health · doi:10.1111/j.1748-0361.2012.00411.x · Cited by 578 · see citing works
Physical Activity and Pregnancy: Cardiovascular Adaptations, Recommendations and Pregnancy Outcomes
Melzer, K., Schutz, Y., Boulvain, M., & Kayser, B. (2010) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/11532290-000000000-00000 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Shifting the physical inactivity curve worldwide by closing the gender gap
Mielke, G. I., da Silva, I. C. M., Kolbe-Alexander, T. L., & Brown, W. J. (2018) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-017-0754-7 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Evaluating the Impact of Physical Activity Apps and Wearables: Interdisciplinary Review
McCallum, C., Rooksby, J., & Gray, C. M. (2018) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/mhealth.9054 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Worldwide surveillance of self-reported sitting time: a scoping review
Mclaughlin, M., Atkin, A. J., Starr, L., Hall, A., Wolfenden, L., Sutherland, R., Wiggers, J., Ramirez, A., Hallal, P., Pratt, M., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-020-01008-4 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Eisele, A., Schagg, D., Krämer, L. V., Bengel, J., & Göhner, W. (2019) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2018.09.018 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Bozorgi, A., Hosseini, H., Eftekhar, H., Majdzadeh, R., Yoonessi, A., Ramezankhani, A., Mansouri, M., & Ashoorkhani, M. (2021) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-021-05270-0 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Luke, A., Bovet, P., Forrester, T. E., Lambert, E. V., Plange-Rhule, J., Schoeller, D. A., Dugas, L. R., Durazo-Arvizu, R. A., Shoham, D., Cooper, R. S., et al. (2011) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-927 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Baretta, D., Perski, O., & Steca, P. (2019) · JMIR mHealth and uHealth · doi:10.2196/11636 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“In the online screening questionnaire, participants were asked to report information about (1) age; (2) gender; (3) physical conditions that prevent participants from being physically active (eg, chronical back pain and acute cardiovascular disease); (4) physical conditions associated with a lack of PA behavior (eg, h…”
MethodRelationship between low depressiveness and domain specific physical activity in women
Kull, M., Ainsaar, M., Kiive, E., & Raudsepp, L. (2012) · Health Care for Women International · doi:10.1080/07399332.2011.645968 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Tunsuchart, K., Lerttrakarnnon, P., Srithanaviboonchai, K., Likhitsathian, S., & Skulphan, S. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17155564 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Yammine, L., Verrico, C. D., Versace, F., Webber, H. E., Suchting, R., Weaver, M. F., Kosten, T. R., Alibhai, H., Cinciripini, P. M., Lane, S. D., et al. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072707 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Effectiveness of a digital weight management program on diet quality: a randomized controlled trial
Palacios, A. M., Lee, A. M., Parker, C., Watts, C. Q., Dickinson, S. L., Henschel, B., Anderson, G., Kersey, J. X., Allison, D. B., Foster, G. D., et al. (2025) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.06.024 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
- Authors
- Armstrong, T., & Bull, F.
- Affiliations
- World Health Organization (CH)
- Loughborough University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Armstrong, Timothy
- ORCID
- Bull, Fiona
- Venue
- Journal of Public Health
- Published
- 2006-03-02
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 66-70
- ISSN
- 0943-1853 (ISSN-L)
- 1613-2238
- OpenAlex
- W2030238207
- Cited by
- 1,727
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 150 · 2025: 163 · 2024: 163 · 2023: 178 · 2022: 189 · 2021: 207 · 2020: 146 · 2019: 108 · 2018: 83 · 2017: 65 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 53 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 7.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
- UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Life-span and Life-course Studies › Sports and Physical Education Studies
- Social Sciences › Education › Health Education and Validation
- Keywords
- Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, physical activity measurement, physical activity surveillance, questionnaire development, cross-cultural validity, reliability statistics, developing countries, energy expenditure, physical activity policy, World Health Organization
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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