Social participation and survival at older ages: is the effect driven by activity content or context?
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This study tested the hypothesis that time spent on social activities (i.e., in direct interaction with others) and time spent in social contexts (i.e., while others are present) is associated with survival in persons aged 70 and older. An observational study with mortality follow-ups was carried out in the former West Berlin, Germany (Berlin Aging Study). The sample was stratified by age and sex, and consisted of 473 persons aged 70 to 103 years. Social activity and social context measures were assessed in 1990-1993 by structured interviews in the participants' homes. Cox regression was used to model survival from time of interview. The main outcome measure was survival on 1 August 2003. Time spent on social activities was revealed as a predictor of survival only in analyses that did not control for confounding factors. In contrast, time spent in context "with friends" was significantly related to increased survival (relative risk=0.76, 95% confidence interval 0.59 to 0.99) even after several confounding factors were controlled for. This study suggests that time spent with friends affords a survival advantage among older adults, above and beyond the effects of other leisure activities. Future research on social participation and survival may benefit from an examination of the interaction between activity content and social context.
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In several reviewed studies, informal social activity or social intimacy was shown to be the variable with the greatest independent effect upon wellbeing outcomes.
“In several of the studies, informal social activity or social intimacy was shown to be the variable with the greatest independent effect upon wellbeing outcomes (cf.Everard 1999;Litwin and Shiovitz-Ezra 2006 ;Maier and Klumb 2005;Ritchey, Ritchey and Dietz 2001;Warr, Butcher and Robertson 2004).”
From A critical review of the literature on social and leisure activity and wellbeing in later life (2011) · cites this paper as Maier and Klumb 2005
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- Authors
- Maier, H., & Klumb, P. L.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research (DE)
- University of Fribourg (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Maier, Heiner
- ORCID
- Klumb, Petra L.
- Venue
- European Journal of Ageing
- Published
- 2005-03
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 31-39
- ISSN
- 1613-9372 (ISSN-L)
- 1613-9380
- PMC
- PMC5547665
- OpenAlex
- W2006165641
- Cited by
- 204
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 6.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- European Journal of Ageing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Keywords
- social participation (health and rehabilitation), survival, mortality, older adults, social activity, social environment, leisure, Berlin Aging Study
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