Viscoelastic Properties of Human Tympanic Membrane
Abstract
The tympanic membrane or eardrum of human ear transfers sound waves into mechanical vibration from the external ear canal into the middle ear and cochlea. Mechanical properties of the tympanic membrane (TM) play an important role in sound transmission through the ear. Although limited resources about linear elastic properties of the TM are available in literature, there is a lack of measurement or modeling of viscoelastic properties of the TM at low stress levels. In this study, the uniaxial tensile, stress relaxation, and failure tests were conducted on fresh human cadaver TM specimens to explore mechanical properties of the TM. The experimental results were analyzed using the hyperelastic Ogden model and digital image correlation method. The constitutive equation and non-linear elastic properties of the TM were presented by functions of the stress and strain at the stress range from 0 to 1 MPa. Viscoelastic properties of the TM were described by the stress relaxation function and hysteresis. The results show that the uniaxial tensile test with the aid of digital image correlation analysis is a reliable and useful approach for measuring mechanical properties of ear tissues. The data presented in this paper contribute to ear biomechanics in both experimental measurement and theoretical analysis of ear tissues.
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The R-AC interval (STI) has a reported correlation with blood pressure.
“Among the aforementioned time intervals, we will focus on the R‐AC interval, i.e., the STI, for its reported correlation with BP.42”
From A Chest‐Laminated Ultrathin and Stretchable E‐Tattoo for the Measurement of Electrocardiogram, Seismocardiogram, and Cardiac Time Intervals (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
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Psota, P., Tang, H., Pooladvand, K., Furlong, C., Rosowski, J. J., Cheng, J. T., & Lédl, V. (2020) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.398919 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Statistical analysis of the human middle ear mechanical properties
Lobato, L. C., Paul, S., & Cordioli, J. A. (2022) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/10.0009890 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
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Self-citationDual-laser measurement of human stapes footplate motion under blast exposure
Jiang, S., Dai, C., & Gan, R. Z. (2021) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2021.108177 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationSackmann, B., Eberhard, P., & Lauxmann, M. (2021) · Journal of Biomechanical Engineering · doi:10.1115/1.4052371 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Techniques for studying mechanobiology
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Strain distribution in rabbit eardrums under static pressure
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Statistical calibration of a finite element model for human middle ear
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Finite-element modelling of interactions of needle with tympanic membrane and middle ear
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In Vivo Thickness of the Healthy Tympanic Membrane Determined by Optical Coherence Tomography
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- Authors
- Cheng, T., Dai, C., & Gan, R. Z.
- Affiliations
- University of Oklahoma (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gan, Rong Z.
- Venue
- Annals of Biomedical Engineering
- Published
- 2006-12-08
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 305-314
- ISSN
- 0090-6964 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-9686
- OpenAlex
- W1978552078
- Cited by
- 151
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 3.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annals of Biomedical Engineering (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (R01DC006632)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Elasticity and Material Modeling
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Otorhinolaryngology › Ear Surgery and Otitis Media
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics
- Keywords
- tympanic membrane, viscoelasticity, stress relaxation, hysteresis, uniaxial tensile testing, digital image correlation, cadaveric tissue, sound transmission, middle ear
- MeSH terms
- Cadaver, Computer Simulation, Elasticity, Humans, Models, Biological, Tensile Strength, Tympanic Membrane, Viscosity, In Vitro Techniques
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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