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Cited by 893

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Appropriate Use of Approximate Entropy and Sample Entropy with Short Data Sets

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Yentes, Jennifer M., Hunt, Nathaniel, Schmid, Kendra K., Kaipust, Jeffrey P., McGrath, Denise, Stergiou, Nicholas·2013·Annals of Biomedical Engineering
DOI 10.1007/s10439-012-0668-3
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Abstract

Approximate entropy (ApEn) and sample entropy (SampEn) are mathematical algorithms created to measure the repeatability or predictability within a time series. Both algorithms are extremely sensitive to their input parameters: m (length of the data segment being compared), r (similarity criterion), and N (length of data). There is no established consensus on parameter selection in short data sets, especially for biological data. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to examine the robustness of these two entropy algorithms by exploring the effect of changing parameter values on short data sets. Data with known theoretical entropy qualities as well as experimental data from both healthy young and older adults was utilized. Our results demonstrate that both ApEn and SampEn are extremely sensitive to parameter choices, especially for very short data sets, N ≤ 200. We suggest using N larger than 200, an m of 2 and examine several r values before selecting your parameters. Extreme caution should be used when choosing parameters for experimental studies with both algorithms. Based on our current findings, it appears that SampEn is more reliable for short data sets. SampEn was less sensitive to changes in data length and demonstrated fewer problems with relative consistency.

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Metadata

Authors
Yentes, J. M., Hunt, N., Schmid, K. K., Kaipust, J. P., McGrath, D., & Stergiou, N.
Venue
Annals of Biomedical Engineering
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2012-10-12
Volume
41
Issue
2
Pages
349-365
ISSN
  • 0090-6964 (ISSN-L)
  • 1573-9686
DOI
10.1007/s10439-012-0668-3
OpenAlex
W1964000773
Cited by
893
References
42
FWCI
12.66
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Appropriate Use of Approximate Entropy and Sample Entropy with Short Data Sets. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1007/s10439-012-0668-3
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Yentes, J. M., Hunt, N., Schmid, K. K., Kaipust, J. P., McGrath, D., & Stergiou, N. (2013). The Appropriate Use of Approximate Entropy and Sample Entropy with Short Data Sets. Annals of Biomedical Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-012-0668-3

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