African American Children's Depressive Symptoms: The Prospective Effects of Neighborhood Disorder, Stressful Life Events, and Parenting
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The prospective effects of observed neighborhood disorder, stressful life events, and parents' engagement in inductive reasoning on adolescents' depressive symptoms were examined using data collected from 777 African American families. Multilevel analyses revealed that stressful life events experienced at age 11 predicted depressive symptoms at age 13. Furthermore, a significant interaction between neighborhood disorder and parents' engagement in inductive reasoning was found, indicating that parental use of inductive reasoning was a protective factor for depressive symptoms particularly for youths living in highly disordered neighborhoods. The importance of examining correlates of depressive symptoms from a contextual framework, focusing on individuals, families, and neighborhood contexts, is emphasized.
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The findings join a growing literature that emphasizes ways that African-American families are a source of resilience for their children, particularly since racial group membership can still evoke discrimination.
“The findings also join a growing literature that emphasizes ways that African-American families are a source of resilience for their children, particularly since racial group membership can still evoke discrimination (Natsuaki et al., 2007; Simons et al., 2001; Simons et al., 2002).”
From Body Size and Social Self-Image Among Adolescent African American Girls (2009) · cites this paper as Natsuaki et al., 2007
The Results and Discussion report that parents’ use of inductive reasoning was protective against depressive symptoms for African American children living in highly disordered neighborhoods, supporting the claim about family resilience. The passages do not address discrimination arising from racial group membership, so that part of the sentence is not supported by this source. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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“, 2001), and that an authoritative parent discipline style is more strongly associated with lower behavior problems and depression in risky neighborhoods (Meyers & Miller, 2004; Natsuaki et al. 2007).”
BackgroundScott, S. M., Wallander, J. L., & Cameron, L. D. (2015) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-015-0188-4 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“…modified DSQ and ADAS) Non-parent extended family social support protected against depression Parental inductive reasoning (scale developed for study) Natsuaki et al. (2007) Longitudinal (2 waves) n = 777; 9–14 years; African American adolescents and families DISC-IV Neighborhood disorder at…”
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Supporting the Mental Health of Mothers Raising Children in Poverty
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“For instance, early adolescence is a sensitive developmental period due to the many changes that are common between the ages of 10 and 14, such as school transitions, pubertal development, and greater focus on peer relationships (Natsuaki et al. 2007; Roeser et al. 2000).”
BackgroundCulturally grounded stress reduction and suicide prevention for African American adolescents.
Robinson, W. L., Case, M. H., Whipple, C. R., Gooden, A. S., López-Tamayo, R., Lambert, S. F., & Jason, L. A. (2016) · Practice Innovations · doi:10.1037/pri0000020 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“Based on the input from the focus groups with the Student Consultants, as well as research linking African American adolescents’ suicidality risk to factors beyond psychiatric disorders (Li, Nussbaum, & Richards, 2007; Natsuaki et al., 2007), and the stigma related to sucidality in the African American community (Joe,…”
BackgroundMethodWork and Unemployment as Stressors
Lennon, M. C., & Limonic, L. (2009) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511984945.015 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Social Competence in Late Elementary School: Relationships to Parenting and Neighborhood Context
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White, R. M. B., Roosa, M. W., & Zeiders, K. H. (2012) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0029426 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Risk and Protective Factors for Depressive Symptoms in Urban African American Adolescents
Tandon, S. D., & Solomon, B. S. (2008) · Youth & Society · doi:10.1177/0044118x08327520 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“A study by Natsuaki et al. (2007) examined protective factors enhancing the functioning of African American families that were collected through the Family and Community Health Study—a longitudinal study examining families from Iowa and Georgia.”
BackgroundBody Size and Social Self-Image Among Adolescent African American Girls
Granberg, E. M., Gordon Simons, L., & Simons, R. L. (2009) · Youth & Society · doi:10.1177/0044118x09338505 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“The findings also join a growing literature that emphasizes ways that African-American families are a source of resilience for their children, particularly since racial group membership can still evoke discrimination (Natsuaki et al., 2007; Simons et al., 2001; Simons et al., 2002).”
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“Moreover, experiencing stressful life events at the age of 11 has been linked to depressive symptoms at the age of 13 in African American children (Natsuaki et al., 2007).”
BackgroundA Handbook for the Study of Mental Health
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Roche, K. M., Ghazarian, S. R., Little, T. D., & Leventhal, T. (2010) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00681.x · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Consistent with this line of reasoning, research has shown that permissive and disengaged parenting is more strongly related to greater youth delinquency and depressive symptoms as neighborhood disadvantage increases (Natsuaki et al., 2007; Rankin & Quane, 2002; Roche, Ensminger & Cherlin, 2007).”
BackgroundResultDepression in Children and Adolescents
Garber, J., & Rao, U. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-9608-3_25 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Kogan, S. M., Cho, J., Simons, L. G., Allen, K. A., Beach, S. R. H., Simons, R. L., & Gibbons, F. X. (2014) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0410-3 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Problematic communities evince signs of social disorder, including dilapidated buildings and other signs of breakdown in the neighborhood infrastructure (Natsuaki et al., 2007).”
Self-citationOppenheimer, C. W., Hankin, B. L., & Young, J. F. (2017) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-017-0315-4 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“…characterized by positive qualities protect against youth depressive symptoms when children and adolescents are faced with stressors (Ge et al. 1994; Ge et al. 2009; Hazel et al. 2014; Natsuaki et al. 2007), perhaps by contributing to more adaptive appraisals of negative events (Alloy et al. 2001).”
BackgroundKatz, B. N., Esparza, P., Carter, J. S., Grant, K. E., & Meyerson, D. A. (2011) · The Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/0272431611414060 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“For example, a recent prospective study with 13-year-olds (Natsuaki et al., 2007) failed to find a connection between neighborhood risk factors and depression.”
BackgroundZhang, L., Li, Z., Chen, J., Li, X., Zhang, J., & Belsky, J. (2015) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-015-0378-x · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Also implicated as important is use of inductive-reasoning, which involves the provision of clear expectations and rationales for parental demands (Natsuaki et al. 2007); it is negatively related to depressive symptoms in EuropeanAmerican adolescents (Ge et al. 1994a, b).”
BackgroundInfluentialReligious Development in African American Adolescents: Growth Patterns that Offer Protection
Lee, D. B., & Neblett, E. W. (2017) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12896 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
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“Prior cross-sectional investigations of the effects of violence on mental disorders or mental health symptoms have also shown consistent results and established the basis for longitudinal investigations [32-36,14].”
ResultFlamm, E. S., & Grolnick, W. S. (2013) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.07.006 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Studying Stress in the Twenty-First-Century: An Update of Stress Concepts and Research
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Yeung, J. W. K., & Chan, Y. (2013) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-013-0371-2 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
The Measurement of Mental Disorder
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The Dual Continua Model: The Foundation of the Sociology of Mental Health and Mental Illness
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Meta-analysis of the Relationship between Life Events and Depression in Adolescents
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Peleg, O. (2014) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1002/ijop.12054 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
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“Natsuaki et al. (2007) found that for their sample of African American youth, stressful life events experienced at age 11 predicted depressive symptoms at age 13. While these studies examined cumulative life event stress (i.e., based on frequency of life events), little work has examined how the impact of adverse life…”
Johnson, R. J., & Hobfoll, S. E. (2009) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511984945.024 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Wickrama, T., & Vazsonyi, A. T. (2011) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.20453 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Socioeconomic Stratification and Mental Disorder
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Understanding the Connection between Social Support and Mental Health
Brown, R. L., & Ciciurkaite, G. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.014 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
[Epistaxis caused by leeches].
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How African American Adolescents Manage Depression
Al-Khattab, H., Oruche, U. M., Perkins, D. E. K., & Draucker, C. B. (2016) · Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association · doi:10.1177/1078390316657391 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Family support has been shown to promote healthy psychological adjustment (Kuhn & Laird, 2014) and to protect against suicidality (Kleiman & Liu, 2013) and depressive symptoms (Natsuaki et al., 2007) in AA adolescents.”
BackgroundJones-Gordils, H. R., Sturge‐Apple, M. L., & Davies, P. T. (2021) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-021-01949-9 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
PATTERNS OF RISK AND RESILIENCE IN AFRICAN AMERICAN AND LATINO YOUTH
Ernestus, S. M., & Prelow, H. M. (2015) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.21725 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Daviss, W. B., & Diler, R. S. (2012) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2011.0046 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“…depression, and multiple prospective studies have reported that ALEs predict subsequent pediatric depressive episodes or symptoms (Garrison et al. 1990; Reinherz et al. 1993; Pine et al. 2002; Sund and Wichstrom 2002; Patton et al. 2003; Franko et al. 2004; Luby et al. 2006; Natsuaki et al. 2007).”
Hong, J. S., Hsieh, Y., Clary, K. L., Rose, T., Russ, R., & Voisin, D. R. (2019) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-18-00127 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“…social hierarchy, combined with stressful situations (e.g., peer victimization) and scarce resources can also result in an increasing rate of mental health problems (e.g., depression and anxiety; see GaylordHarden & Cunningham, 2009; Hammack, Robinson, Crawford, & Li, 2004; Natsuaki et al., 2007).”
BackgroundObjective and Perceived Weight: Associations with Risky Adolescent Sexual Behavior
Akers, A. Y., Cohen, E. D., Marshal, M. P., Roebuck, G., Yu, L., & Hipwell, A. E. (2016) · Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health · doi:10.1363/48e11416 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Cheney, M. K., Oman, R. F., Vesely, S. K., ASPY, C. B., Tolma, E. L., & John, R. M. S. (2015) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2014.302311 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Neighborhood Physical Disorder and Early Delinquency Among Urban Children
Gold, S., & Nepomnyaschy, L. (2018) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.1111/jomf.12487 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Yeung, J. W. K. (2014) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-014-9278-y · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“…age and gender are incorporated in the APIM analysis in order to account for their potential confounding effect, since some literature shows that effect of parenting diminished and impact of family processes escalated as adolescent children grew older (Gutman et al. 2005; Natsuaki et al. 2007).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialWhite, C., Goldberg, V., Hibdon, J., & Weisburd, D. L. (2019) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.22243 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Researchers have also attempted to understand both physical and mental health problems of residents in disadvantaged, high crime areas (Aneshensel & Sucoff, 1996; Diez Roux & Mair, 2010; Fitzpatrick et al., 2005; Foster & Giles-Corti, 2008; Lorenc et al., 2012; Natsuaki et al., 2007).”
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Rosenfield, S., Kato, K., & Smith, D. T. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.017 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Keith, V. M., & Brown, D. R. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.019 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Integrating Service Delivery Systems for Persons with a Severe Mental Illness
Cuddeback, G. S., & MORRISSEY, J. P. (2009) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511984945.031 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Lee, D., & Kwon, S. W. (2014) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-014-9259-1 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“) is negatively related to depression (Natsuaki et al. 2007; Xue et al. 2005).”
Well-Being across the Life Course
Mirowsky, J., & Ross, C. E. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.021 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Horwitz, A. V. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.004 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Reischl, T. M., Krusky, A. M., Zimmerman, M. A., Aiyer, S. M., Kruger, D. J., Franzen, S. P., & Lipton, R. I. (2015) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.21730 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“…(Saelens & Handy, 2008), healthy eating (Larson et al., 2009), related outcomes of obesity (Papas, 2007), diabetes (Auchincloss et al., 2008), hypertension (Mujahid et al., 2008), and depressive symptoms (Dupere & Perkins, 2007; Latkin & Curry, 2003; Natsuaki et al., 2007; Ross & Mirowksy, 2001).”
BackgroundDefining Mental Disorders: Sociological Investigations into the Classification of Mental Disorders
Whooley, O. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.006 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Sanchez, Y. M., Lambert, S. F., & Ialongo, N. S. (2010) · Depression Research and Treatment · doi:10.1155/2011/871843 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“For example, there is evidence that negative life events across a variety of domains, including economic, family, peer, discrimination, neighborhood/violence, and school domains, are positively associated with depressive symptoms in ethnically diverse urban youth in cross-sectional and prospective studies [4, 10].”
BackgroundThe Measurement of Mental Disorder
Wakefield, J. C., & Schmitz, M. F. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.005 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
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Work and Unemployment as Stressors
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Cultural Diversity and Mental Health Treatment
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Sociological Approaches to Mental Illness
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What Outcomes Should the Study of Mental Health Try to Explain?
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Berg, K. A. (2025) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.23180 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“…resources such as collective efficacy, conflict and violence; or institutional resources such as community centers or parks) (Barr 2018; Hurd, Stoddard, and Zimmerman 2013; Natsuaki et al. 2007; Pabayo et al. 2016; Sampson, Morenoff, and Gannon ‐ Rowley 2002; Wickrama, Merten, and Wickrama 2012).”
Marital Status and Mental Health
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Mental Illness and the Criminal Justice System
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Mental Health in Cross-Cultural Context
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A comparative study of social capital between single-father and single-mother children
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Epilogue: The Three Solitudes of the Sociology of Mental Health
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Talja, T., Rantanen, A., Koivisto, A., Helenius, J., & Joronen, K. (2022) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.13271 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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Could Emotional Security Theory Help Advance Family-Focused Preventive Interventions?
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- Authors
- Natsuaki, M. N., Ge, X., Brody, G. H., Simons, R. L., Gibbons, F. X., & Cutrona, C. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- University of Georgia (US)
- Iowa State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Natsuaki, Misaki N.
- Venue
- American Journal of Community Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-02-09
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 163-176
- ISSN
- 0091-0562 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2770
- PMC
- PMC3513385
- OpenAlex
- W2034933825
- Cited by
- 140
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 9.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Community Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Iowa State University Digital Repository (Iowa State University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- University of California, Davis
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH062666, P50MH048165, MH 48165)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Psychosocial Factors Impacting Youth
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Keywords
- depressive symptoms, African American children, adolescents, neighborhood disorder, life events, parenting, inductive reasoning, protective factors, contextual risk factors, family environment
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Black or African American, Child, Depression, Environmental Exposure, Female, Georgia, Humans, Iowa, Life Change Events, Male, Residence Characteristics, Stress, Psychological, Parenting, Focus Groups
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