Slutpage Use Among U.S. College Students: The Secret and Social Platforms of Image-Based Sexual Abuse
Open accessAbstract
The phenomenon of "slutpages," tied to high schools, fraternities, and the military, used to post, share, and comment on nude and semi-nude images of women, has emerged in mass media. To our knowledge, this is the first study to empirically investigate slutpage use behaviors including: visiting slutpages, posting nude images/videos online without consent, and using a vault app to store/share nude images. We conducted a survey of undergraduate college students attending a large Midwestern university in the U.S., with 1867 respondents (36.4% cis/transgender men, 63.6% cisgender women; 18-24 years old M = 20.39) to determine who is engaging in slutpage use behaviors. Our results showed that younger participants and men were more likely to engage in slutpage use behaviors than older participants and women, especially if they participated in Greek Life or played a team sport for their university. Men in a fraternity or on a team sport visited slutpages and posted nude images/video online without consent more frequently than men outside these groups, or women in general. Drinking alcohol and using pornography more frequently were also associated with slutpage use behaviors. This study provides a new understanding of slutpages as a social form of image-based sexual abuse and informs researchers, educators, and policy makers to expand their inquiry into online sexual experiences and exploitation to include this phenomenon.
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Maas et al. (2021) found those who used alcohol or viewed pornography more frequently were more likely to post nonconsensual nude images online.
“Maas et al. (2021) found that among their survey respondents, those who used alcohol or viewed pornography more frequently were more likely to post nonconsensual nude images online.”
From Image-Based Sexual Abuse Perpetration: A Scoping Review (2024) · cites this paper as Maas et al. (2021)
Cites
KANDIYOTI, D. (1988) · Gender & Society · doi:10.1177/089124388002003004 · Cited by 3,081 · see citing works
Bates, S. (2017) · Feminist Criminology · doi:10.1177/1557085116654565 · Cited by 414 · cited 1× · see citing works
“For instance, image-based sexual abuse survivors have exhibited similar symptoms as physical sexual abuse survivors such as PTSD, anxiety, and depression (Bates, 2017).”
BackgroundWalker, K., & Sleath, E. (2017) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2017.06.010 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
The dark side of sexting—Factors predicting the dissemination of sexts
Clancy, E. M., Klettke, B., & Hallford, D. J. (2019) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.11.023 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Self-citationImage-Based Sexual Abuse: Online Distribution Channels and Illicit Communities of Support
Henry, N., & Flynn, A. (2019) · Violence Against Women · doi:10.1177/1077801219863881 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
An examination of nonconsensual pornography websites
Uhl, C. A., Rhyner, K. J., Terrance, C. A., & Lugo, N. R. (2018) · Feminism & Psychology · doi:10.1177/0959353517720225 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
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Flynn, A., Powell, A., Scott, A. J., & Cama, E. (2022) · The British Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1093/bjc/azab111 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Image-Based Sexual Abuse Perpetration: A Scoping Review
Henry, N., & Beard, G. (2024) · Trauma, Violence, & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380241266137 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“Studies whose samples involved children or adolescents. to share intimate images, or sending unwanted or unsolicited intimate images (Gassó et al., 2022; Henry et al., 2020; Maas et al., 2021; Mortreux et al., 2019; Powell et al., 2019; Sparks et al., 2023).”
Background
- Authors
- Maas, M. K., Cary, K. M., Clancy, E. M., Klettke, B., McCauley, H. L., & Temple, J. R.
- Affiliations
- Michigan State University (US)
- Deakin University (AU)
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (US)
- Corresponding author
- Maas, Megan K.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Archives of Sexual Behavior
- Published
- 2021-02-25
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 2203-2214
- ISSN
- 0004-0002 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2800
- OpenAlex
- W3131820924
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8
- FWCI
- 7.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Locations
- Archives of Sexual Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (L40 DA044702)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender, Feminism, and Media
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology
- Keywords
- image-based sexual abuse, university students, online sexual exploitation, gender differences, Greek life, team sports, alcohol consumption, pornography use, consent
- MeSH terms
- Erotica, Female, Humans, Male, Sexual Behavior, Sex Offenses, Students, Universities
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