Cited by 112Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesAdipose Tissue and MetabolismCardiovascular Disease and Adiposity

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Ageing, adipose tissue, fatty acids and inflammation

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Pararasa, Chathyan, Bailey, Clifford J., Griffiths, Helen R.·2015·Biogerontology

DOI 10.1007/s10522-014-9536-x

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Abstract

A common feature of ageing is the alteration in tissue distribution and composition, with a shift in fat away from lower body and subcutaneous depots to visceral and ectopic sites. Redistribution of adipose tissue towards an ectopic site can have dramatic effects on metabolic function. In skeletal muscle, increased ectopic adiposity is linked to insulin resistance through lipid mediators such as ceramide or DAG, inhibiting the insulin receptor signalling pathway. Additionally, the risk of developing cardiovascular disease is increased with elevated visceral adipose distribution. In ageing, adipose tissue becomes dysfunctional, with the pathway of differentiation of preadipocytes to mature adipocytes becoming impaired; this results in dysfunctional adipocytes less able to store fat and subsequent fat redistribution to ectopic sites. Low grade systemic inflammation is commonly observed in ageing, and may drive the adipose tissue dysfunction, as proinflammatory cytokines are capable of inhibiting adipocyte differentiation. Beyond increased ectopic adiposity, the effect of impaired adipose tissue function is an elevation in systemic free fatty acids (FFA), a common feature of many metabolic disorders. Saturated fatty acids can be regarded as the most detrimental of FFA, being capable of inducing insulin resistance and inflammation through lipid mediators such as ceramide, which can increase risk of developing atherosclerosis. Elevated FFA, in particular saturated fatty acids, maybe a driving factor for both the increased insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease risk and inflammation in older adults.

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Authors: Pararasa, C., Bailey, C. J., & Griffiths, H. R.
Affiliations: Aston University (GB)
Corresponding author: Pararasa, Chathyan
ORCID: Bailey, Clifford J.
Griffiths, Helen R.
Venue: Biogerontology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2014-11-04
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Pages: 235-248
ISSN: 1389-5729 (ISSN-L)
1573-6768
DOI: 10.1007/s10522-014-9536-x
OpenAlex: W2037497975
Cited by: 110
References: 158
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 2
FWCI: 0.76
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
publications.aston.ac.uk
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Biogerontology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Aston Publications Explorer (Aston University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
Keywords: aging, adipose tissue, ectopic fat, visceral fat, insulin resistance, adipocyte dysfunction, adipogenesis, free fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, ceramide, diacylglycerol, low-grade inflammation, inflammatory cytokines, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular risk, skeletal muscle
MeSH terms: Adipose Tissue, Aging, Animals, Fatty Acids, Humans, Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Diseases, Models, Immunological

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