More than “100 worst” alien species in Europe
Open accessAbstract
“One hundred worst” lists of alien species of the greatest concern proved useful for raising awareness of the risks and impacts of biological invasions amongst the general public, politicians and stakeholders. All lists so far have been based on expert opinion and primarily aimed at representativeness of the taxonomic and habitat diversity rather than at quantifying the harm the alien species cause. We used the generic impact scoring system (GISS) to rank 486 alien species established in Europe from a wide range of taxonomic groups to identify those with the highest environmental and socioeconomic impact. GISS assigns 12 categories of impact, each quantified on a scale from 0 (no impact detectable) to 5 (the highest impact possible). We ranked species by their total sum of scores and by the number of the highest impact scores. We also compared the listing based on GISS with other expert-based lists of the “worst” invaders. We propose a list of 149 alien species, comprising 54 plants, 49 invertebrates, 40 vertebrates and 6 fungi. Among the highest ranking species are one bird ( Branta canadensis ), four mammals ( Rattus norvegicus, Ondatra zibethicus, Cervus nippon, Muntiacus reevesi ), one crayfish ( Procambarus clarkii ), one mite ( Varroa destructor ), and four plants ( Acacia dealbata, Lantana camara, Pueraria lobata, Eichhornia crassipes ). In contrast to other existing expert-based “worst” lists, the GISS-based list given here highlights some alien species with high impacts that are not represented on any other list. The GISS provides an objective and transparent method to aid prioritization of alien species for management according to their impacts, applicable across taxa and habitats. Our ranking can also be used for justifying inclusion on lists such as the alien species of Union concern of the European Commission, and to fulfill Aichi target 9.
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The invasive alien species with the greatest impacts emerge from all taxonomic groups.
“The IAS with the greatest impacts emerge from all taxonomic groups, as illustrated by the example of Europe.”
From Scientists' warning on invasive alien species (2020) · cites this paper as Nentwig et al., 2018
The European list of aliens with highest impacts includes 149 species: 54 plants, 49 invertebrates, 40 vertebrates, and six fungi.
“The European list of aliens with highest impacts includes 149 species: 54 plants, 49 invertebrates, 40 vertebrates, and six fungi.”
From Scientists' warning on invasive alien species (2020) · cites this paper as Nentwig et al., 2018
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Tools for a multiproduct biorefinery of Acacia dealbata biomass
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Impact of alien plants in Turkey assessed by the Generic Impact Scoring System
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Self-citationTrophic ecology of invasive marbled and spiny-cheek crayfish populations
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Impacts of the invasive plant Carpobrotus edulis on herbivore communities on the Iberian Peninsula
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Radočaj, T., Špelić, I., Vilizzi, L., Povž, M., & Piria, M. (2021) · Global Ecology and Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01520 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Loud callings limit human tolerance towards invasive parakeets in urban areas
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Seed bank offers potential for active restoration of mountain meadows
Ludewig, K., Hansen, W., Klinger, Y. P., Eckstein, R. L., & Otte, A. (2020) · Restoration Ecology · doi:10.1111/rec.13311 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Humphries, T. S., Campbell, S., & Florentine, S. K. (2022) · Plants · doi:10.3390/plants11233334 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
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Riveiro, S. F., Cruz, Ó., Casal, M., & Reyes, O. (2020) · Annals of Forest Science · doi:10.1007/s13595-020-00965-x · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Arthropods and associated pathogens from native and introduced rodents in Northeastern Italy
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A freshwater symbiosis as sensitive bioindicator of cadmium
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Characterizing arthropod communities and trophic diversity in areas invaded by Australian acacias
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Self-citationKudzu in Europe: niche conservatism for a highly invasive plant
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Pisuttu, C., Piccolo, E. L., Paoli, L., Cotrozzi, L., Nali, C., Pellegrini, E., & Lorenzini, G. (2022) · Biological Invasions · doi:10.1007/s10530-022-02891-7 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Marco, A. D., Napoletano, P., Panico, S. C., Memoli, V., Santorufo, L., Ruggiero, A. G., Colombo, C., Barile, R., & Maisto, G. (2022) · CATENA · doi:10.1016/j.catena.2022.106656 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
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Ercoli, F. (2019) · BioInvasions Records · doi:10.3391/bir.2019.8.3.25 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Donne, C., Neiman, M., Woodell, J. D., Haase, M., & Verhaegen, G. (2020) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1111/mec.15569 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Occurrence and management of invasive alien species in Hungarian protected areas compared to Europe
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Non‐Native Species in Aquaculture: Burgeoning Production and Environmental Sustainability Risks
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Prohibiting pet crayfish does not consistently reduce their availability online
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First detection of the non-indigenous gastropod Rapana venosa in the southernmost coast of Brazil
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Alien species in Norway: Results from quantitative ecological impact assessments
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The spreading of the invasive sacred ibis in Italy
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- Authors
- Nentwig, W., Bacher, S., Kumschick, S., Pyšek, P., & Vilà, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Bern (CH)
- University of Fribourg (CH)
- Stellenbosch University (ZA)
- Czech Academy of Sciences (CZ)
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Nentwig, Wolfgang
- Venue
- Biological Invasions
- Published
- 2017-12-18
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1611-1621
- ISSN
- 1387-3547 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-1464
- OpenAlex
- W2771159618
- Cited by
- 316
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 19
- FWCI
- 22.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2018-02-02)
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Biological Invasions (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- RERO DOC (Universität Bern) (submittedVersion)
- SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University) (submittedVersion)
- BORIS (University Library Bern) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Open Access CRIS of the University of Bern
- Funders
- COST Action TD1209 Alien Challenge (TD1209)
- Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (CGL2015-65346R)
- Severo Ochoa Program for Centres of Excellence (SEV-2012-0262)
- Akademie Věd České Republiky (RVO 67985939)
- Czech Science Foundation (14-36079G)
- South African National Department of Environmental Affairs
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Marine Ecology and Invasive Species
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Keywords
- introduced species, species ranking, environmental impact, socio-economic impacts, invasive plants, invasive invertebrates, invasive vertebrates, invasive fungi, Procambarus clarkii, Varroa destructor, Lantana camara, water hyacinth, Rattus norvegicus, Ondatra zibethicus, sika deer, Reeves's muntjac, Canada goose, invasive crayfish, invasive birds, invasive mammals, Europe
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