Modeling endangered mammal species distributions and forest connectivity across the humid Upper Guinea lowland rainforest of West Africa
Abstract
Species distribution data provide critical baseline information for conservation planning and decision making. However, in many of the Earth’s most biodiverse regions, such data are lacking for many species. Here, we used ecological niche modeling and connectivity analyses to model distributions of endangered species and protected area connectivity across the Upper Guinea Forest (UGF) Global Conservation Hotspot of West Africa. We estimated the current distributions of African forest elephant Loxodonta cyclotis (Vulnerable), western chimpanzee Pan troglodytes verus (Critically Endangered), and pygmy hippopotamus Choeropsis liberiensis (Endangered) across the region and optimized connectivity in two main forest complexes in the region. We used occurrence data for the period 2010–2016 for the three species from two well-sampled national parks in Liberia (Sapo National Park and Gola National Park), and remotely sensed MODIS enhanced vegetation index data for the period 2010–2015. Our models predicted a total of 75,157 km² of suitable habitat for chimpanzees in the region, 79,400 km² for elephants, and 290,696 km² for hippos. Of these areas, for chimpanzees, 30% of the area predicted falls within the boundaries of proposed or designated protected areas, and likewise 30% for elephants, and 19% for hippos. Liberia had the largest blocks of contiguous forest suitable for these species compared to other countries in the region but this forest was largely unprotected. This study ident…
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Our understanding of pygmy hippo ecology remains limited, hindering ability to identify population cores, designate corridors and draw up management plans.
“The difficulties in providing a coherent explanation for pygmy hippo abundance across its range highlight that our understanding of their ecology remains limited. This hinders our ability to identify important population cores, designate viable population corridors and draw up effective management plans (Freeman et al., 2019).”
From Fine-scale habitat requirements of the pygmy hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis): Implications for rainforest conservation in West Africa (2026) · cites this paper as Freeman et al., 2019
Most geospatial variables were selected because they have been proven important to the pygmy hippo in other modelling studies, except distance to camps which represents major sources of noise and human activity.
“Most of these were selected because they have been proven important to the pygmy hippo in other modelling studies (Bogui et al., 2016; Freeman et al., 2019; Hillers et al., 2017), except for 'distance to camps ' , which was included because it represents major sources of noise and human activity in our study area.”
From Fine-scale habitat requirements of the pygmy hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis): Implications for rainforest conservation in West Africa (2026) · cites this paper as Freeman et al., 2019
Cites
Wold, S., Esbensen, K. H., & Geladi, P. L. M. (1987) · Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems · doi:10.1016/0169-7439(87)80084-9 · Cited by 11,792 · see citing works
Abdi, H., & Williams, L. J. (2010) · WIREs Computational Statistics · doi:10.1002/wics.101 · Cited by 11,104 · see citing works
Extinction risk from climate change
Thomas, C. D., Cameron, A., Green, R. E., Bakkenes, M., Beaumont, L. J., Collingham, Y. C., Erasmus, B. F. N., de Siqueira, M. F., Grainger, A., Hannah, L., et al. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02121 · Cited by 7,722 · see citing works
Self-citationModeling of species distributions with Maxent: new extensions and a comprehensive evaluation
Phillips, S. J., & Dudı́k, M. (2008) · Ecography · doi:10.1111/j.0906-7590.2008.5203.x · Cited by 6,851 · see citing works
The biodiversity of species and their rates of extinction, distribution, and protection
Pimm, S. L., Jenkins, C. N., Abell, R., Brooks, T. M., Gittleman, J. L., Joppa, L. N., Raven, P. H., Roberts, C. M., & Sexton, J. O. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1246752 · Cited by 3,542 · see citing works
A maximum entropy approach to species distribution modeling
Phillips, S., Dudík, M., & Schapire, R. (2004) · International Conference on Machine Learning · doi:10.1145/1015330.1015412 · Cited by 2,457 · see citing works
USING CIRCUIT THEORY TO MODEL CONNECTIVITY IN ECOLOGY, EVOLUTION, AND CONSERVATION
McRae, B. H., Dickson, B. G., Keitt, T. H., & Shah, V. B. (2008) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/07-1861.1 · Cited by 2,237 · see citing works
ENMTools: a toolbox for comparative studies of environmental niche models
Warren, D. L., Glor, R. E., & Turelli, M. (2010) · Ecography · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0587.2009.06142.x · Cited by 2,122 · see citing works
Muscarella, R., Galante, P. J., Soley‐Guardia, M., Boria, R. A., Kass, J. M., Uriarte, M., & Anderson, R. P. (2014) · Methods in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1111/2041-210x.12261 · Cited by 2,110 · see citing works
Barve, N., Barve, V., Jiménez‐Valverde, A., Lira‐Noriega, A., Maher, S. P., Peterson, A. T., Soberón, J. M., & Villalobos, F. (2011) · Ecological Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.02.011 · Cited by 1,901 · see citing works
Self-citationEcological Niches and Geographic Distributions (MPB-49)
Peterson, A. T., Soberón, J. M., Pearson, R. G., Anderson, R. P., Martínez‐Meyer, E., Nakamura, M., & Araújo, M. B. (2011) · Princeton University Press eBooks · doi:10.23943/princeton/9780691136868.001.0001 · Cited by 1,840 · see citing works
Self-citationRethinking receiver operating characteristic analysis applications in ecological niche modeling
Peterson, A. T., Papeş, M., & Soberón, J. M. (2008) · Ecological Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.11.008 · Cited by 1,715 · see citing works
Self-citationEcological niches and geographic distributions
Araújo, M. B. (2012) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.49-6266 · Cited by 1,376 · see citing works
Brown, J. L. (2014) · Methods in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1111/2041-210x.12200 · Cited by 1,287 · see citing works
Fourcade, Y., Engler, J. O., Rödder, D., & Secondi, J. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0097122 · Cited by 1,175 · see citing works
Essentials of conservation biology
(2011) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.48-2658 · Cited by 1,087 · see citing works
Preserving Biodiversity: Species, Ecosystems, or Landscapes?
Franklin, J. F. (1993) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.2307/1941820 · Cited by 1,072 · see citing works
Proceedings of the twenty-first international conference on Machine learning
Brodley, C. E. (2004) · Cited by 999 · see citing works
Marxan and Relatives: Software for Spatial Conservation Prioritization
Ball, I. R., Possingham, H. P., & Watts, M. (2009) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199547760.003.0014 · Cited by 914 · see citing works
Selecting Indicator Species to Monitor Ecological Integrity: A Review
Carignan, V., & Villard, M. (2002) · Environmental Monitoring and Assessment · doi:10.1023/a:1016136723584 · Cited by 831 · see citing works
Owens, H., Campbell, L., Dornak, L., Saupe, E., Barve, N., Soberón, J., Ingenloff, K., Lira-Noriega, A., Hensz, C., Myers, C., et al. (2012) · Ecological Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.04.011 · Cited by 659 · see citing works
Self-citationIs conservation triage just smart decision making?
Bottrill, M. C., Joseph, L. N., Carwardine, J., Bode, M., Cook, C. N., Game, E. T., Grantham, H. S., Kark, S., Linke, S., McDonald‐Madden, E., et al. (2008) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2008.07.007 · Cited by 642 · see citing works
Shcheglovitova, M., & Anderson, R. P. (2013) · Ecological Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.08.011 · Cited by 636 · see citing works
Conserving Biodiversity Efficiently: What to Do, Where, and When
Wilson, K. A., Underwood, E. C., Morrison, S. A., Klausmeyer, K. R., Murdoch, W. W., Reyers, B., Wardell‐Johnson, G., Marquet, P. A., Rundel, P., McBride, M. F., et al. (2007) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050223 · Cited by 524 · see citing works
Methods and workflow for spatial conservation prioritization using Zonation
Lehtomäki, J., & Moilanen, A. (2013) · Environmental Modelling & Software · doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2013.05.001 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Satellite Based Mapping of Ground PM2.5 Concentration Using Generalized Additive Modeling
Zou, B., Chen, J., Zhai, L., Fang, X. L., & Zheng, Z. Y. (2016) · Remote Sensing · doi:10.3390/rs9010001 · Cited by 449 · see citing works
Wilkie, D. S., Bennett, E. L., Peres, C. A., & Cunningham, A. A. (2011) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05908.x · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Warren, D. L., Wright, A. N., Seifert, S. N., & Shaffer, H. B. (2013) · Diversity and Distributions · doi:10.1111/ddi.12160 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Toward Best Practices for Developing Regional Connectivity Maps
Beier, P., Spencer, W. D., Baldwin, R. F., & McRae, B. H. (2011) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01716.x · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Warren, M., Robertson, M. P., & Greeff, J. M. (2010) · Ecography · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0587.2009.06041.x · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Saupe, E., Barve, V., Myers, C., Soberón, J., Barve, N., Hensz, C., Peterson, A., Owens, H., & Lira-Noriega, A. (2012) · Ecological Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.04.001 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Self-citationNonparametric intensity bounds for the delineation of spatial clusters
de Oliveira, F. L. P., Duczmal, L. H., Cançado, A. L. F., & Tavares, R. (2011) · International Journal of Health Geographics · doi:10.1186/1476-072x-10-1 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Functional connectivity within conservation networks: Delineating corridors for African elephants
Roever, C. L., van Aarde, R. J., & Leggett, K. E. A. (2012) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2012.06.025 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Prioritizing core areas, corridors and conflict hotspots for lion conservation in southern Africa
Cushman, S. A., Elliot, N. B., Bauer, D. T., Kesch, K., Bahaa‐el‐din, L., Bothwell, H. M., Flyman, M. V., Mtare, G., Macdonald, D. W., & Loveridge, A. J. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0196213 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Finite conservation funds mean triage is unavoidable
Bottrill, M. C., Joseph, L. N., Carwardine, J., Bode, M., Cook, C. N., Game, E. T., Grantham, H. S., Kark, S., Linke, S., McDonald‐Madden, E., et al. (2009) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2008.11.007 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Dickson, B. G., Roemer, G. W., McRae, B. H., & Rundall, J. M. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0081898 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Mapping Disease Transmission Risk
Peterson, A. (2014) · Johns Hopkins University Press eBooks · doi:10.1353/book.36167 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationThe complementarity of single-species and ecosystem-oriented research in conservation research
Lindenmayer, D. B., Fischer, J., Felton, A., Montague‐Drake, R., Manning, A. D., Simberloff, D., Youngentob, K. N., Saunders, D. A., WILSON∗, D. J., Felton, A. M., et al. (2007) · Oikos · doi:10.1111/j.0030-1299.2007.15683.x · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Multispecies assessment of core areas and connectivity of desert carnivores in central Iran
Khosravi, R., Hemami, M., & Cushman, S. A. (2017) · Diversity and Distributions · doi:10.1111/ddi.12672 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Peterson, A. T., Campbell, L. P., Moo-Llanes, D. A., Travi, B. L., González, C., Ferro, M. C., Ferreira, G. E. M., Brandão-Filho, S. P., Cupolillo, E., Ramsey, J. M., et al. (2017) · International Journal for Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.04.007 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationMapping Disease Transmission Risk: Enriching Models Using Biogeography and Ecology
Peterson, A. T. (2014) · Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationFeilhauer, H., He, K. S., & Rocchini, D. (2012) · Remote Sensing · doi:10.3390/rs4072057 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Hearn, A. J., Cushman, S. A., Goossens, B., Macdonald, E. A., Ross, J., Hunter, L., Abram, N. K., & Macdonald, D. W. (2018) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2018.04.016 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Biodiversity Conservation in A sia
Squires, D. (2013) · Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies · doi:10.1002/app5.13 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Tweh, C. G., Lormie, M. M., Kouakou, C. Y., Hillers, A., Kühl, H. S., & Junker, J. (2015) · Oryx · doi:10.1017/s0030605313001191 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
DeMatteo, K. E., Rinas, M. A., Zurano, J. P., Selleski, N., Schneider, R. G., & Argüelles, C. F. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0183648 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Vegetation Dynamics in the Upper Guinean Forest Region of West Africa from 2001 to 2015
Liu, Z., Wimberly, M. C., & Dwomoh, F. K. (2016) · Remote Sensing · doi:10.3390/rs9010005 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Linking habitats for multiple species
Brás, R., Cerdeira, J. O., Alagador, D., & Araújo, M. B. (2012) · Environmental Modelling & Software · doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.08.001 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Zacarias, D., & Loyola, R. A. (2018) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2018.05.014 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Junker, J., Boesch, C., Freeman, T., Mundry, R., Stephens, C., & Kühl, H. S. (2015) · Basic and Applied Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.baae.2015.07.002 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
The status and conservation of threatened birds in the Upper Guinea forest
Allport, G. A. (1991) · Bird Conservation International · doi:10.1017/s095927090000054x · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Jennings, A. P., & Veron, G. (2014) · Mammal Research · doi:10.1007/s13364-014-0204-y · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Bodbyl-Roels, S. A., Peterson, A. T., & Xiao, X. (2011) · International Journal of Health Geographics · doi:10.1186/1476-072x-10-21 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationStatus of globally threatened birds of Sapo National Park, Liberia
Freeman, B., Dami, F. D., & Molokwu-Odozi, M. (2018) · Ostrich · doi:10.2989/00306525.2018.1502694 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationAndrew, C. I., & Ogundipe, O. T. (2016) · Journal of Ecology and the Natural Environment · doi:10.5897/jene2015.0525 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cobos, M. E., Peterson, A. T., Osorio‐Olvera, L., & Jiménez‐García, D. (2019) · Ecological Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2019.100983 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Self-citationMachado‐Stredel, F., Cobos, M. E., & Peterson, A. T. (2021) · Frontiers of Biogeography · doi:10.21425/f5fbg48814 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationGeneral Theory and Good Practices in Ecological Niche Modeling: A Basic Guide
Simões, M. V. P., Romero-Álvarez, D., Nuñez‐Penichet, C., Jiménez, L., & Cobos, M. E. (2020) · Biodiversity Informatics · doi:10.17161/bi.v15i2.13376 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Akpoti, K., Kabo-bah, A. T., Dossou‐Yovo, E. R., Groen, T. A., & Zwart, S. J. (2019) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136165 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Predicting range shifts of African apes under global change scenariosPreprint
Carvalho, J. S., Graham, B. P., Bocksberger, G., Maisels, F. G., Williamson, E. A., Wich, S. A., Sop, T., Amarasekaran, B., Bergl, R. A., Boesch, C., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.06.25.168815 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Predicting range shifts of African apes under global change scenarios
Carvalho, J. S., Graham, B. P., Bocksberger, G., Maisels, F. G., Williamson, E. A., Wich, S. A., Sop, T., Amarasekaran, B., Barca, B., Barrie, A., et al. (2021) · Diversity and Distributions · doi:10.1111/ddi.13358 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Modelling landscape connectivity change for chimpanzee conservation in Tanzania
Bonnin, N., Stewart, F. A., Wich, S. A., Pintea, L., Jantz, S. M., Dickson, R., Bellis, J. M., Chitayat, A. B., Ingram, R., Moore, R., et al. (2020) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108816 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Freeman, B., Clem, J. M., & Peterson, A. T. (2019) · Ornithological Applications · doi:10.1093/condor/duz012 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationGonzález-Saucedo, Z. Y., González‐Bernal, A., & Martínez‐Meyer, E. (2021) · Landscape Ecology · doi:10.1007/s10980-020-01185-4 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Wang, T., Zhu, Q., Heller, K., Zhou, Z., & SHI, F.-M. (2019) · Systematic Entomology · doi:10.1111/syen.12384 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Modélisation de la distribution des espèces en Afrique : état de l'art et perspectives
Toffa, Y., Idohou, R., & Fandohan, A. B. (2022) · Physio-Géo · doi:10.4000/physio-geo.13738 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Cammelli, F., Addoah, T., Furrer, N. A., Kouakou, K. M., Lyons-White, J. P., Renier, C., Thompson, W. J., & Garrett, R. D. (2025) · Environmental Research Food Systems · doi:10.1088/2976-601x/adf117 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Freeman, B., Jiménez‐García, D., Barca, B., & Grainger, M. (2019) · Avian Research · doi:10.1186/s40657-019-0160-y · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationObserved and projected functional reorganization of riverine fish assemblages from global change
Woods, T. E., Freeman, M. C., Krause, K. P., & Maloney, K. O. (2023) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.16707 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Peng, Y., Meng, M., Huang, Z., Wang, R., & Cui, G. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13115944 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Connectivity and conservation of Western Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) habitat in Liberia
Frazier, A. E., Honzák, M., Hudson, C., Perlin, R., Tohtsonie, A., Gaddis, K. D., de Sousa, C., Larsen, T. H., Junker, J., Nyandwi, S., et al. (2021) · Diversity and Distributions · doi:10.1111/ddi.13270 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Mosquera-Guerra, F., Barreto, J. S., Moreno‐Niño, N., González, T. M., & Armenteras, D. (2024) · Mammalian Biology · doi:10.1007/s42991-024-00404-8 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
A range’s core should not only be important in research
Luiselli, L. M. (2023) · African Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/aje.13131 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Cao, H., Quan, R., Bai, Y., He, R., Geng, Y., Liu, Y., Li, J., & Wang, L. (2024) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.70432 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Range contraction and expansion of the African buffalo under climate change scenarios
Lawer, E. A., Darkoh, E. L., & Akasere, C. (2024) · Biodiversity · doi:10.1080/14888386.2024.2426505 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Asase, A., Jiménez‐García, D., & Peterson, A. T. (2021) · African Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/aje.12845 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationTesfai, R. T., Parrini, F., Moehlman, P. D., Young, N. E., & Evangelista, P. (2023) · Oryx · doi:10.1017/s0030605323000297 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Functional connectivity of an endemic tree frog in a highly threatened tropical dry forest in Mexico
Covarrubias, S., Gutiérrez‐Rodríguez, C., Rojas‐Soto, O., Hernández‐Guzmán, R., & González, C. (2021) · Ecoscience · doi:10.1080/11956860.2021.1921935 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Park, S. U., Koo, K. A., Tho, J.-H., & Jung, C. (2023) · Journal of Climate Change Research · doi:10.15531/ksccr.2023.14.1.067 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Owusu‐Sekyere, A., & Ashiagbor, G. (2025) · African Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/aje.70028 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Palma, L., Quecuta, Q., & Nanque, M. (2025) · African Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/aje.70089 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
González, A., González, C., Hernández‐Guzmán, R., & Mendoza, E. (2022) · Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad · doi:10.22201/ib.20078706e.2022.93.3934 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Agoundé, G., Salako, K. V., Idohou, R., Sode, A. I., Mensah, S., Dimobe, K., Assogbadjo, A., & Kakaï, R. G. (2025) · Global Ecology and Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03468 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Mosquera-Guerra, F., Barreto, J. S., Palencia-Rivera, J. D., Valencia, A. V., Mantilla-Meluk, H., Morales, G. A. B., Jiménez-Ortega, A. M., Trujillo, F., & Armenteras, D. (2025) · Discover Conservation · doi:10.1007/s44353-025-00032-4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Petrozzi, F., & Luiselli, L. M. (2026) · Folia oecologica · doi:10.2478/foecol-2026-0010 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Conservation, Development, and Transformative Change in the Upper Guinean Forests of West Africa
Garrett, R. D., Lyons-White, J. P., Maguire-Rajpaul, V. A., Freeman, B., Dzudzor, M. I., Burgess, N. D., McDermott, C. L., Acheampong, E., Addoah, T., Adeleye, M., et al. (2026) · Annual Review of Environment and Resources · doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-121224-090229 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationLoredo, E. G. L., Mendoza, M. E., Rodríguez‐Soto, C., Granados, E. M. L., & Salinas-Melgoza, V. (2023) · Revista de geografía Norte Grande · doi:10.4067/s0718-34022023000300109 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Kempkes, J. B., Si, Y., van ’t Zelfde, M., Digbeu, H. E. O., Bogui, E. B., Ouattara, K., Koné, I., & Paris, M. (2026) · Global Ecology and Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2026.e04346
Guerra, F. M., Barreto, S., Moreno‐Niño, N., González, T. M., & Armenteras, D. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2996430/v1
Medium-sized and large bodied mammals of Marshall Wetlands, a proposed protected area in Liberia
Gweh, A., Bailey, A., Palmeirim, A. F., Poultolnor, J., Toe, H., Crowley, W., Machalaba, C. C., Desmond, J., Desmond, J., & Prist, P. R. (2025) · Check List · doi:10.15560/21.1.1
Górska, M., Wysocki, A., & Apoznański, G. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-95141-4
Natarajan, N., Dineshkumar, S., Masoodhu, S. S., & Vasudevan, M. (2025) · Landscape and Ecological Engineering · doi:10.1007/s11355-025-00692-3
Codjia, F. G., Vignoles, A. L., Kanyamula, F., Souron, A., & Djagoun, C. A. M. S. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6624268
- Authors
- Freeman, B., Roehrdanz, P. R., & Peterson, A. T.
- Affiliations
- University of Kansas (US)
- Conservation International (US)
- Corresponding author
- Freeman, Benedictus
- Venue
- Biodiversity and Conservation
- Published
- 2018-12-17
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 671-685
- ISSN
- 0960-3115 (ISSN-L)
- 1572-9710
- OpenAlex
- W2904666326
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 3.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Biodiversity and Conservation (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Northwestern University
- Goddard Space Flight Center
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecological Modeling › Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation
- Keywords
- endangered mammals, species distribution modeling, forest connectivity, Upper Guinea Forest, Loxodonta cyclotis, Pan troglodytes verus, Choeropsis liberiensis, habitat suitability, protected areas, conservation planning, MODIS EVI, biodiversity conservation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
