Functional importance of PP2A regulatory subunit loss in breast cancer
Abstract
Purpose Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a family of serine/threonine phosphatases that regulate multiple cellular signalling pathways involved in proliferation, survival and apoptosis. PP2A inhibition occurs in many cancers and is considered a tumour suppressor. Deletion/downregulation of PP2A genes has been observed in breast tumours, but the functional role of PP2A subunit loss in breast cancer has not been investigated.Methods PP2A subunit expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in human breast tumours, and by qPCR and immunoblotting in breast cancer cell lines. PP2A subunits were inhibited by shRNA, and mutant PP2A genes overexpressed, in MCF10A and MCF7 cells, and growth and signalling in standard and three-dimensional cultures were assessed.Results Expression of PP2A-Aα, PP2A-Bα and PP2A-B'α subunits was significantly lower in primary human breast tumours and lymph node metastases, compared to normal mammary tissue. PP2A-Aα and the regulatory subunits PP2A-Bα, -Bδ and -B'γ were also reduced in breast cancer cell lines compared to normal mammary epithelial cells. Functionally, shRNA-mediated knockdown of PP2A-Bα, -B'α and -B'γ, but not PP2A-Aα, induced hyper-proliferation and large multilobular acini in MCF10A 3D cultures, characterised by activation of ERK. Expression of a breast cancer-associated PP2A-A mutant, PP2A-Aα-E64G, which inhibits binding of regulatory subunits to the PP2A core, induced a similar hyper-proliferative phenotype. Knockdown of PP2A-Bα also induced hyper-proliferation in MCF7 breast cancer cells.Conclusion These results suggest that loss of specific PP2A regulatory subunits is functionally important in breast tumourigenesis, and support strategies to enhance PP2A activity as a therapeutic approach in breast cancer.
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Deletions affecting PPP2R2A have been observed in prostate, ovarian and breast epithelial tumors.
“Deletions affecting the PPP2R2A gene have been observed in a number of epithelial tumors in prostate, ovarian and breast cancer patients (Cheng et al., 2011; Watt et al., 2017; Youn and Simon, 2013).”
From PP2A holoenzymes, substrate specificity driving cellular functions and deregulation in cancer (2019) · cites this paper as Watt et al., 2017
PP2A is a crucial member of the tumor suppressor family, and its alteration is linked to breast, oral, brain, and colorectal cancers.
“PP2A is a crucial member of the tumor suppressor family, and its alteration has been linked to various human malignancies, such as breast [ 1 , 2 ], oral [ 3 ], brain [ 4 ], and colorectal cancers (CRC) [ 5 ].”
From Targeting PP2A in cancer: an underrated option (2025) · cites this paper as [1]
In breast cancer, PP2A dysfunction is linked to reduced expression of both scaffold (PP2A-Aα and PP2A-Bα) and regulatory (PP2A-B′α) subunits.
“However, in breast cancer, PP2A dysfunction is linked to the reduced expression of both scaffold (PP2A-Aα and PP2A-Bα) and regulatory (PP2A-B′α) subunits.”
From Targeting PP2A in cancer: an underrated option (2025) · cites this paper as [1]
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- Authors
- Watt, L. F., Panicker, N., Mannan, A., Copeland, B., Kahl, R. G. S., Dun, M. D., Young, B., Roselli, S., & Verrills, N. M.
- Affiliations
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (AU)
- City Of Hope National Medical Center (US)
- John Hunter Hospital (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Verrills, Nicole M.
- Venue
- Breast Cancer Research and Treatment
- Published
- 2017-07-25
- Volume
- 166
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 117-131
- ISSN
- 0167-6806 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-7217
- OpenAlex
- W2737177090
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 1.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Breast Cancer Research and Treatment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- NOVA (University of Newcastle Australia) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Cure Cancer Australia Foundation
- Cancer Council NSW
- Pink Frangipani Ball
- Cancer Institute NSW
- Hunter Medical Research Institute
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Keywords
- protein phosphatase 2A, PP2A regulatory subunit, breast cancer, tumour suppressor, cell proliferation, ERK signaling, lymph node metastasis, tumourigenesis, therapeutic target
- MeSH terms
- Breast Neoplasms, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, Cells, Cultured, Epithelial Cells, Female, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Mutation, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Protein Subunits, Cell Line, Tumor, Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases, Cell Proliferation, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Protein Phosphatase 2, Gene Knockdown Techniques
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