Physical activity and inactivity in relation to sex hormone, prolactin, and insulin-like growth factor concentrations in premenopausal women: Exercise and premenopausal hormones
Abstract
An association between physical activity and premenopausal breast cancer risk may be due, in part, to relationships with sex hormones or growth factors. Therefore, we assessed whether MET-h/week of total physical activity (moderate-to-vigorous intensity), walking, or vigorous physical activity, and h/week of standing or sitting were associated with plasma concentrations of several hormones. We examined levels of estrogens, androgens, progesterone, prolactin, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF binding protein-3, and growth hormone (GH) in 565 premenopausal women, ages 33-52 years, from the Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII). About 87% of women had both timed follicular and luteal samples; other women had one untimed sample. In general we observed few associations between sex hormone or IGF levels and measures of physical activity or inactivity. However, free testosterone was modestly inversely associated with total physical activity (p-trend = 0.02). Luteal estradiol, free estradiol, and estrone also were inversely associated with total physical activity (p-trend = 0.10, 0.04, 0.01, respectively); however, the trend was substantially attenuated when excluding women with anovulatory cycles or irregular cycles. These cross-sectional results suggest that physical activity and inactivity have limited associations with premenopausal sex hormone and growth factor levels, except possibly luteal estrogens.
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- Authors
- Tworoger, S. S., Missmer, S. A., Eliassen, A. H., Barbieri, R. L., Dowsett, M., & Hankinson, S. E.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Royal Marsden Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Tworoger, Shelley S.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cancer Causes & Control
- Published
- 2007-06-05
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 743-752
- ISSN
- 0957-5243 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-7225
- OpenAlex
- W1512669609
- Cited by
- 78
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 3.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cancer Causes & Control (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (CA67262, CA50385, R25CA098566, R01CA050385, P50CA089393)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Keywords
- physical activity, physical inactivity, premenopausal women, sex hormones, prolactin, insulin-like growth factor I, IGF binding protein-3, growth hormone, sex hormone-binding globulin, free testosterone, estradiol, estrone, luteal phase, breast cancer risk, walking, anovulatory cycles
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Humans, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Middle Aged, Motor Activity, Prolactin, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Cohort Studies, Exercise, Case-Control Studies, Premenopause, Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3, Human Growth Hormone
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