CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 14Criminal Justice and Corrections AnalysisCrime Patterns and InterventionsRacial and Ethnic Identity Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Exploring the Link Between Neighborhood Violence and Health Among African-American and Latinx Youth Returning Home After Incarceration

Open access
Meza, Jocelyn I., Bondoc, Christopher, Keshav, Nivedita, Bosco, John, Barnert, Elizabeth·2023·Child & Youth Care Forum
DOI 10.1007/s10566-022-09696-8PMC PMC12768516
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Background: African-American and Latinx youth are disproportionately exposed to neighborhood violence and are overrepresented in the U.S. juvenile justice system. Perceived neighborhood violence is associated with negative health outcomes. Objective: We examined associations between African-American and Latinx youths’ perceived neighborhood violence and health during reentry after juvenile incarceration. Methods: Youth (n = 50) returning home after incarceration completed health questionnaires at one-month post-incarceration. A subset of participants (n = 25 youth) also participated in one-on-one, semi-structured longitudinal interviews. Results: Twenty-eight (56%) participants reported neighborhood violence in quantitative surveys. Quantitative analyses revealed that perceived neighborhood violence was positively associated with reported asthma diagnosis, doctor recommendations for medical follow-up, perceived stress, and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Perceived neighborhood violence was negatively correlated with perceived family support. Stress ratings were associated with ACE total scores, moderate to severe depression symptoms, and family support. Moderate-to-severe depression symptoms were significantly correlated with lower ratings of family support. Qualitative interviews supplemented our quantitative findings and showed that responses to perceived neighborhood violence were linked to specific health-related behaviors, such as substance use or avoidance of gang activity. Conclusions: Overall, our quantitative and qualitative results indicate that perceived neighborhood violence is associated with many negative psychosocial factors that could impact overall health and wellbeing of youth undergoing reentry. Treatment implications include the development and testing of family-centered interventions that help improve the transition back into the community for youth undergoing reentry and especially, their access to evidence-based treatment, including leveraging family telehealth substance use interventions.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s10566-022-09696-8

Cites

4 of 4 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Personal challenges from imprisonment, such as psychological distress, limited education and job skills, and drug use, make it harder to achieve positive academic and mental health outcomes post-release.

    “Additionally, personal challenges from imprisonment, like psychological distress, limited education and job skills, and drug use, make it even harder to achieve positive academic and mental health outcomes post-release (Meza et al., 2023;Robertson et al., 2020).”

    From School Reentry: Exploring Healing-Centered Mechanisms for Formerly Incarcerated Transition-Age Black Males in an Urban Intensive, Asset-Based Alternative School (2026) · cites this paper as Meza et al., 2023

    The Results (Qualitative Findings; page unavailable) describe drug and alcohol use as a health-detracting response during reentry, and the Discussion (page unavailable) describes stress and difficulty returning to an unsafe neighborhood. The paper also mentions academic difficulties in connection with exposure to neighborhood violence, but the passages do not establish that imprisonment-related distress, limited education or job skills, and drug use make positive academic and mental-health outcomes harder to achieve after release. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • While attending school regularly was perceived as crucial to the students' earning an HSD, social-structural challenges, such as transportation issues and housing instability, created significant barriers to consistent attendance.

    “While attending school regularly was perceived as crucial to the students' earning an HSD, social-structural challenges, such as transportation issues and housing instability, created significant barriers to consistent attendance (Meza et al., 2023;Simes, 2021;J. M. Williams et al., 2019).”

    From School Reentry: Exploring Healing-Centered Mechanisms for Formerly Incarcerated Transition-Age Black Males in an Urban Intensive, Asset-Based Alternative School (2026) · cites this paper as Meza et al., 2023

    The Results (Qualitative Findings; page unavailable) report that some youth felt unsafe returning to school because they feared re-engaging in substance use and returning to detention. Our copy does not address whether regular attendance was seen as crucial to earning an HSD or whether transportation and housing instability impeded attendance (searched: transportation, housing instability, school attendance, diploma). (LLM, conf=0.74)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 69

  1. Abrams, L. S. (2006). From corrections to community: Youth offenders’ perceptions of the challenges of transition. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 44(2–3), 31–53 · DOI
  2. Abrams, L. S., & Snyder, S. M. (2010). Youth offender reentry: Models for intervention and directions for future inquiry. Children and Youth Services Review, 32(12), 1787–1795 · DOI
  3. Abrams, L. S., Mizel, M. L., Nguyen, V., & Shlonsky, A. (2014). Juvenile reentry and aftercare interventions: Is mentoring a promising direction? Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work, 11(4), 404–422 · DOI
  4. Assari, S., Lankarani, M. M., Caldwell, C. H., & Zimmerman, M. A. (2016). Fear of neighborhood violence during adolescence predicts development of obesity a decade later: Gender differences among African Americans.Archives of Trauma Research, 5(2), e31475 · DOI
  5. Aizer, A. (2007). Neighborhood violence and urban youth. In J. Gruber (Ed.), The Problems of Disadvantaged Youth: An Economic Perspective (pp. 275–307). Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press
  6. Baglivio, M. T., Epps, N., Swartz, K., Sayedul, M., Sheer, A., & Hardt, N. S. (2014). The prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) in the lives of juvenile offenders. Journal of Juvenile Justice, 3(2), 1–23
  7. Baglivio, M. T., Wolff, K. T., Piquero, A. R., Bilchik, S., Jackowski, K., Greenwald, M. A., & Epps, N. (2016). Maltreatment, child welfare, and recidivism in a sample of deep-end crossover youth. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45(4), 625–654 · DOI
  8. Baglivio, M. T., Wolff, K. T., Epps, N., & Nelson, R. (2017). Predicting adverse childhood experiences: The importance of neighborhood context in youth trauma among delinquent youth. Crime & Delinquency, 63(2), 166–188 · DOI
  9. Barnert, E. S., Perry, R., & Morris, R. E. (2016). Juvenile incarceration and health. Academic Pediatrics, 16(2), 99–109 · DOI
  10. Bottiani, J. H., Camacho, D. A., Johnson, L., S., & Bradshaw, C. P. (2021). Annual research review: Youth firearm violence disparities in the United States and implications for prevention. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13392 · DOI
  11. Bowen, G. A. (2008). Naturalistic inquiry and the saturation concept: a research note. Qualitative research, 8(1), 137–152 · DOI · Paper page
  12. Chauhan, P., & Reppucci, N. D. (2009). The impact of neighborhood disadvantage and exposure to violence on self-report of antisocial behavior among girls in the juvenile justice system. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38(3), 401–416 · DOI
  13. Chauhan, P., Reppucci, N. D., & Turkheimer, E. N. (2009). Racial differences in the associations of neighborhood disadvantage, exposure to violence, and criminal recidivism among female juvenile offenders. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 27(4), 531–552 · DOI
  14. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
  15. Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress.Journal of Health and Social Behavior,385–396 · DOI · Paper page
  16. Cooley, M. R., Turner, S. M., & Beidel, D. C. (1995). Assessing community violence: The children’s report of exposure to violence. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 34(2), 201–208 · DOI
  17. Cooley-Strickland, M., Quille, T. J., Griffin, R. S., Stuart, E. A., Bradshaw, C. P., & Furr- Holden, D. (2009). Community violence and youth: Affect, behavior, substance use, and academics. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 12(2), 127–156 · DOI
  18. Corbin, T. J., Purtle, J., Rich, L. J., Rich, J. A., Adams, E. J., Yee, G., & Bloom, S. L. (2013). The prevalence of trauma and childhood adversity in an urban, hospital-based violence intervention program. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 24(3), 1021–1030 · DOI
  19. Crouch, J. L., Hanson, R. F., Saunders, B. E., Kilpatrick, D. G., & Resnick, H. S. (2000). Income, race/ethnicity, and exposure to violence in youth: Results from the national survey of adolescents. Journal of Community Psychology, 28(6), 625–641 · DOI
  20. Delaney-Black, V., Covington, C., Ondersma, S. J., Nordstrom-Klee, B., Templin, T., Ager, J. … Sokol, R. J. (2002). Violence exposure, trauma, and IQ and/or reading deficits among urban children. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 156(3), 280–285 · DOI · Paper page
  21. DuPont-Reyes, M. J., Villatoro, A. P., Phelan, J. C., Painter, K., & Link, B. G. (2020). Adolescent views of mental illness stigma: An intersectional lens. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 90(2), 201 · DOI
  22. Echeverria, S. E., Kang, A. L., Isasi, C. R., Johnson-Dias, J., & Pacquiao, D. (2014). A community survey on neighborhood violence, park use, and physical activity among urban youth. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 11(1), 186–194 · DOI
  23. Eldeirawi, K., Kunzweiler, C., Rosenberg, N., Riley, B., Gao, Y., Hebert-Beirne, J. … Persky, V. (2016). Association of neighborhood crime with asthma and asthma morbidity among Mexican American children in Chicago, Illinois. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 117(5), 502–507 · DOI
  24. Estrada-Martínez, L. M., Caldwell, C. H., Schulz, A. J., Diez-Roux, A. V., & Pedraza, S. (2013). Families, neighborhood socio-demographic factors, and violent behaviors among Latino, White, and Black adolescents. Youth & Society, 45(2), 221–242 · DOI
  25. Fehon, D. C., Grilo, C. M., & Lipschitz, D. S. (2001). Correlates of community violence exposure in hospitalized adolescents. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 42(4), 283–290 · DOI
  26. Fowler, P. J., Tompsett, C. J., Braciszewski, J. M., Jacques-Tiura, A. J., & Baltes, B. B. (2009). Community violence: A meta-analysis on the effect of exposure and mental health outcomes of children and adolescents. Development and Psychopathology, 21, 227–259 · DOI
  27. Furr-Holden, C. D. M., Smart, M. J., Pokorni, J. L., Ialongo, N. S., Leaf, P. J., Holder, H. D., & Anthony, J. C. (2008). The NIfETy method for environmental assessment of neighborhood-level indicators of violence, alcohol, and other drug exposure. Prevention Science, 9, 245–255 · DOI
  28. Goldman-Mellor, S., Margerison-Zilko, C., Allen, K., & Cerda, M. (2016). Perceived and objectively-measured neighborhood violence and adolescent psychological distress. Journal of Urban Health, 93(5), 758–769 · DOI
  29. Gracia, E., Fuentes, M. C., Garcia, F., & Lila, M. (2012). Perceived neighborhood violence, parenting styles, and developmental outcomes among Spanish adolescents. Journal of Community Psychology, 40(8), 1004–1021 · DOI
  30. Grunwald, H. E., Lockwood, B., Harris, P. W., & Mennis, J. (2010). Influences of neighborhood context, individual history and parenting behavior on recidivism among juvenile offenders. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39(9), 1067–1079 · DOI
  31. Gupta, R. S., Zhang, X., Springston, E. E., Sharp, L. K., Curtis, L. M., Shalowitz, M. … Weiss, K. B. (2010). The association between community crime and childhood asthma prevalence in Chicago. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 104(4), 299–306 · DOI
  32. Hafkamp-de Groen, E., Sonnenschein-van der Voort, A. M., Mackenbach, J. P., Duijts, L., Jaddoe, V. W., Moll, H. A. … Raat, H. (2013). Socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors associated with asthma related outcomes in early childhood: The Generation R Study. PLoS One, 8(11), e78266 · DOI
  33. Hardaway, C. R., Sterrett-Hong, E., Larkby, C. A., & Cornelius, M. D. (2016). Family resources as protective factors for low-income youth exposed to community violence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45(7), 1309–1322 · DOI
  34. Hartinger-Saunders, R. M., Rittner, B., Wieczorek, W., Nochajski, T., Rine, C. M., & Welte, J. (2011). Victimization, psychological distress and subsequent offending among youth. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(11), 2375–2385 · DOI
  35. IBM Corp. (2016). IBM SPSS Statistics for Mac OS, Microsoft Windows (Version 24.0). Armonk, NY: IBM Corp
  36. Javdani, S., Abdul-Adil, J., Suarez, L., Nichols, S. R., & Farmer, A. D. (2014). Gender differences in the effects of community violence on mental health outcomes in a sample of low-income youth receiving psychiatric care. American Journal of Community Psychology, 53(3–4), 235–248 · DOI
  37. Kouros, C. D., & Garber, J. (2014). Trajectories of individual depressive symptoms in adolescents: Gender and family relationships as predictors. Developmental Psychology, 50(12), 2633 · DOI · Paper page
  38. Kroenke, K., Strine, T. W., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B., Berry, J. T., & Mokdad, A. H. (2009). The PHQ-8 as a measure of current depression in the general population. Journal of Affective Disorders, 114(1–3), 163–173 · DOI · Paper page
  39. Lambert, S. F., Copeland-Linder, N., & Ialongo, N. S. (2008). Longitudinal associations between community violence exposure and suicidality. Journal of Adolescent Health, 43(4), 380–386 · DOI
  40. Martin, S. L., Sigda, K. B., & Kupersmidt, J. B. (1998). Family and neighborhood violence: Predictors of depressive symptomatology among incarcerated youth. The Prison Journal, 78(4), 423–438 · DOI
  41. Martinez, P., & Richters, J. E. (1993). The NIMH community violence project: II. Children’s distress symptoms associated with violence exposure. Psychiatry, 56(1), 22–35 · DOI
  42. Mears, D. P., & Travis, J. (2004). Youth development and reentry. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 2(1), 3–20 · DOI
  43. Milam, A. J., Furr-Holden, C. D. M., & Leaf, P. J. (2010). Perceived school and neighborhood safety, neighborhood violence and academic achievement in urban school children. The Urban Review, 42(5), 458–467 · DOI
  44. Miller, G. E., Chen, E., Armstrong, C. C., Carroll, A. L., Ozturk, S., Rydland, K. J. … Nusslock, R. (2018). Functional connectivity in central executive network protects youth against cardiometabolic risks linked with neighborhood violence. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(47), 12063–12068 · DOI
  45. Moffitt, T. E. (2013). Childhood exposure to violence and lifelong health: Clinical intervention science and stress-biology research join forces. Development and Psychopathology, 25(4pt2), 1619–1634 · DOI
  46. Molnar, B. E., Gortmaker, S. L., Bull, F. C., & Buka, S. L. (2004). Unsafe to play? Neighborhood disorder and lack of safety predict reduced physical activity among urban children and adolescents. American Journal of Health Promotion, 18(5), 378–386 · DOI
  47. Onifade, E., Petersen, J., Bynum, T. S., & Davidson, W. S. (2011). Multilevel recidivism prediction: Incorporating neighborhood socioeconomic ecology in juvenile justice risk assessment. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 38(8), 840–853 · DOI
  48. Owen, M. C., & Wallace, S. B. (2020). Advocacy and collaborative health care for justice-involved youth. Pediatrics, 146(1), https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-1755 · DOI
  49. Purewal, S. K., Bucci, M., Gutiérrez Wang, L., Koita, K., Silvério Marques, S., Oh, D., & Harris, B., N (2016). Screening for adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in an integrated pediatric care model. Zero to Three, 37(1), 10–17
  50. Quinn, K., Pacella, M. L., Dickson-Gomez, J., & Nydegger, L. A. (2017). Childhood adversity and the continued exposure to trauma and violence among adolescent gang members. American Journal of Community Psychology, 59(1–2), 36–49 · DOI
  51. Rasmussen, A., Aber, M. S., & Bhana, A. (2004). Adolescent coping and neighborhood violence: Perceptions, exposure, and urban youths’ efforts to deal with danger. American Journal of Community Psychology, 33(1–2), 61–75 · DOI
  52. Ritakallio, M., Kaltiala-Heino, R., Kivivuori, J., Luukkaala, T., & Rimpelä, M. (2006). Delinquency and the profile of offences among depressed and non-depressed adolescents. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 16(2), 100–110 · DOI
  53. Roosa, M. W., White, R. M., Zeiders, K. H., & Tein, J. Y. (2009). An examination of the role of perceptions in neighborhood research. Journal of Community Psychology, 37(3), 327–341 · DOI
  54. Sampson, R. J., Raudenbush, S. W., & Earls, F. (1997). Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science, 277(5328), 919–924 · DOI · Paper page
  55. Schnell, C., Braga, A. A., & Piza, E. L. (2017). The influence of community areas, neighborhood clusters, and street segments on the spatial variability of violent crime in Chicago. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 33(3), 469–496 · DOI
  56. Schwartz, D., & Gorman, A. H. (2003). Community violence exposure and children’s academic functioning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95, 163–173 · DOI
  57. Spencer, M. B., & Jones-Walker, C. (2004). Interventions and services offered to former juvenile offenders reentering their communities: An analysis of program effectiveness. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 2(1), 88–97 · DOI
  58. Sternthal, M. J., Jun, H. J., Earls, F., & Wright, R. J. (2010). Community violence and urban childhood asthma: A multilevel analysis. European Respiratory Journal, 36(6), 1400–1409 · DOI
  59. Sun, S., Crooks, N., DiClemente, R. J., & Sales, J. M. (2020). Perceived neighborhood violence and crime, emotion regulation, and PTSD symptoms among justice-involved, urban African-American adolescent girls. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy · DOI
  60. Taylor, J. M. (2015). Psychometric analysis of the Ten-Item Perceived Stress Scale. Psychological Assessment, 27(1), 90–101 · DOI
  61. Theall, K. P., Shirtcliff, E. A., Dismukes, A. R., Wallace, M., & Drury, S. S. (2017). Association between neighborhood violence and biological stress in children. JAMA Pediatrics, 171(1), 53–60 · DOI
  62. Tolan, P. H., Gorman-Smith, D., & Henry, D. B. (2003). The developmental ecology of urban males’ youth violence. Developmental Psychology, 39(2), 274 · DOI
  63. White, H. R. (2016). Substance use and crime. The Oxford Handbook of Substance Use and Substance Use Disorders, 2, 347–378
  64. Wood, J., Foy, D. W., Layne, C., Pynoos, R., & James, C. B. (2002). An examination of the relationships between violence exposure, posttraumatic stress symptomatology, and delinquent activity: An “ecopathological” model of delinquent behavior among incarcerated adolescents. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 6(1), 127–147 · DOI
  65. Wright, R. J., Mitchell, H., Visness, C. M., Cohen, S., Stout, J., Evans, R., & Gold, D. R. (2004). Community violence and asthma morbidity: The Inner-City Asthma Study. American Journal of Public Health, 94(4), 625–632 · DOI
  66. Clark, C., Ryan, L., Kawachi, I., Canner, M. J., Berkman, L., & Wright, R. J. (2008). Witnessing community violence in residential neighborhoods: a mental health hazard for urban women. Journal of Urban Health, 85(1), 22-38. · DOI
  67. Coulton, C. J., Crampton, D. S., Irwin, M., Spilsbury, J. C., & Korbin, J. E. (2007). How neighborhoods influence child maltreatment: A review of the literature and alternative pathways. Child abuse & neglect, 31(11-12), 1117-1142. · DOI
  68. Sandel, M., & Wright, R. J. (2006). When home is where the stress is: expanding the dimensions of housing that influence asthma morbidity. Archives of disease in childhood, 91(11), 942-948. · DOI
  69. Jeffrey, J., Sternfeld, I., & Tager, I. (2006). The association between childhood asthma and community violence, Los Angeles County, 2000. Public health reports, 121(6), 720-728. · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Meza, J. I., Bondoc, C., Keshav, N., Bosco, J., & Barnert, E.
Affiliations
University of California, Los Angeles (US)
Corresponding author
Meza, Jocelyn I.
ORCID
Venue
Child & Youth Care Forum
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2022-05-26
Volume
52
Issue
3
Pages
533-558
ISSN
  • 1053-1890 (ISSN-L)
  • 1573-3319
DOI
10.1007/s10566-022-09696-8
PMC
PMC12768516
OpenAlex
W4281558953
Cited by
14
References
4
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5
FWCI
3.60
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Child & Youth Care Forum (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of Mental Health (MH073517)
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA045747-01)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
Keywords
neighborhood violence, juvenile detention, youth reentry, African American youth, Latinx youth, asthma, perceived stress, adverse childhood experiences, depression, family support, substance use, gang activity, family-centered intervention, psychosocial health

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review